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Questions and Answers
What did Aristotle believe about the source of knowledge?
What did Aristotle believe about the source of knowledge?
Which concept aligns with John Locke's views on child development?
Which concept aligns with John Locke's views on child development?
What is the principle focus of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy regarding child rearing?
What is the principle focus of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy regarding child rearing?
What does the term 'Nativism' refer to in the context of child development?
What does the term 'Nativism' refer to in the context of child development?
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Which philosophical stance differs from Aristotle's regarding child rearing?
Which philosophical stance differs from Aristotle's regarding child rearing?
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What is a key principle in educating children according to contemporary educators?
What is a key principle in educating children according to contemporary educators?
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Which of the following is a suggestion regarding children's education during cognitive development?
Which of the following is a suggestion regarding children's education during cognitive development?
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What did G. Stanley Hall contribute to the field of child psychology?
What did G. Stanley Hall contribute to the field of child psychology?
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The concept of recapitulation in child development refers to what?
The concept of recapitulation in child development refers to what?
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What should educators encourage to promote individual talents in children during adolescence?
What should educators encourage to promote individual talents in children during adolescence?
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What did Sigmund Freud theorize had a crucial influence on child development?
What did Sigmund Freud theorize had a crucial influence on child development?
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Which researcher established the Yale Clinic of Child Development?
Which researcher established the Yale Clinic of Child Development?
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What is the definition of 'maturation' in the context of child development?
What is the definition of 'maturation' in the context of child development?
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What does the term 'norms' refer to in child development?
What does the term 'norms' refer to in child development?
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Which stage of life is defined as occurring from birth to the end of the second week?
Which stage of life is defined as occurring from birth to the end of the second week?
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What does life span psychology primarily study?
What does life span psychology primarily study?
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Which of the following best summarizes the broad domains of development in life span psychology?
Which of the following best summarizes the broad domains of development in life span psychology?
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Which key issue in development examines the influence of genetics versus environment?
Which key issue in development examines the influence of genetics versus environment?
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What aspect of development suggests that changes can be gradual and uniform?
What aspect of development suggests that changes can be gradual and uniform?
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What is one of the major objectives of developmental psychologists?
What is one of the major objectives of developmental psychologists?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding developmental patterns?
Which of the following statements is true regarding developmental patterns?
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What do stability versus change debates primarily focus on?
What do stability versus change debates primarily focus on?
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Which early philosopher believed that proper upbringing was essential for the welfare of society?
Which early philosopher believed that proper upbringing was essential for the welfare of society?
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Study Notes
Life Span Psychology
- Focuses on understanding how people grow, develop, and adapt throughout life
- Explores systematic changes and continuities in individuals, from conception to death.
- This field covers three main domains: Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial development.
Objectives of Developmental Psychologists
- To identify common age-related changes in appearance, behavior, and interests.
- To determine when these changes occur.
- To understand the causes of these changes.
- To examine how these changes influence behavior.
- To predict whether these changes are predictable or not.
- To understand whether these changes are universal or individual.
Theoretical Issues in Development
- Nature vs. Nurture: How much does genetics vs. environment influence behavior.
- Stability vs. Change: Are behaviors constant over life or do they change over time.
- Continuity vs. Stages: Change can be gradual (continuity) or separated into distinct, qualitatively different stages.
Significant Facts about Development
- Early foundations are crucial.
- Development is guided by a combination of maturation and learning.
- Development follows a definite and predictable pattern.
- Individuals are different.
- Each developmental stage has characteristic behaviors.
- Each developmental stage has potential hazards.
- Development is aided by stimulation.
- Cultural change influences development.
- Each stage of development is associated with social expectations.
Historical Foundations: Early Philosophers
- Plato and Aristotle believed in the importance of proper child rearing for societal well-being, but differed in their approaches.
- Plato emphasized self-control and discipline, while Aristotle focused on tailoring education to individual needs.
Historical Foundations: Plato vs. Aristotle
- Plato believed children are born with innate knowledge.
- Aristotle believed knowledge is gained through experience.
Historical Foundations: Later Philosophers
- John Locke viewed the mind of a newborn as a blank slate (tabula rasa), advocating for discipline followed by increasing freedom.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed children are born with knowledge and ideas that unfold naturally with age (nativism).
Historical Foundations: Research-Based Approach
- The 19th century saw the emergence of a research-based approach to child development, influenced by social reform movements and Darwin's theory of evolution.
Pioneers of Child Psychology
- G. Stanley Hall conducted the first systematic studies of children in the United States.
- He trained the first generation of developmental researchers, established journals, and believed children's development recapitulates the evolution of the species.
- Hall believed education should encourage children's natural tendencies.
Freud and Watson
- Freud emphasized the influence of biological drives, especially sexual ones on development.
- Watson focused on how rewards and punishments shape behavior.
Arnold Gesell
- Established the Yale Clinic of Child Development and studied the development of typical children.
- He disagreed with Hall about the role of environment and believed development was primarily driven by biological processes (maturation).
- He proposed developmental norms, which describe the typical sequence of behaviors and their age ranges.
Subdivision of the Lifespan Stages
- Prenatal period: Conception to birth.
- Infancy: Birth to the end of the second week.
- Babyhood: End of the second week to the end of the second year.
- Early childhood: Two to six years.
- Late childhood: Six to ten or twelve years.
- Puberty/Preadolescence: Ten or twelve to thirteen years.
- Adolescence: Thirteen or fourteen to eighteen years.
- Early adulthood: Eighteen to forty years.
- Middle age: Forty to sixty years.
- Old age: Sixty years to death.
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Description
This quiz explores the key concepts of life span psychology, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development from conception to death. Test your understanding of the main objectives of developmental psychologists and the theoretical issues surrounding development, such as nature versus nurture and stability versus change.
