Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 goals of psychology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 goals of psychology?
What is a key feature of longitudinal research?
What is a key feature of longitudinal research?
What does the life-span perspective emphasize?
What does the life-span perspective emphasize?
Life-long process from birth to death
Psychosexual development stages were proposed by Sigmund Freud.
Psychosexual development stages were proposed by Sigmund Freud.
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What type of research design uses variables to infer causation?
What type of research design uses variables to infer causation?
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Which of the following developmental theories is associated with David Bowlby?
Which of the following developmental theories is associated with David Bowlby?
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The index of privacy, consent, and confidentiality in research ethics is known as ______.
The index of privacy, consent, and confidentiality in research ethics is known as ______.
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Eric Erikson is associated with the theory of evolution in psychological development.
Eric Erikson is associated with the theory of evolution in psychological development.
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Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development occurs between the ages of 5 to 11?
Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development occurs between the ages of 5 to 11?
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Match the following developmental theorists with their respective theories:
Match the following developmental theorists with their respective theories:
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Study Notes
Human Development
- Life-span development encompasses growth from birth to death, viewing development as a lifelong process.
- Development is multi-dimensional, affecting physical, cognitive, and social aspects of life at every age.
- Development is multi-directional; it can regress or progress depending on age and experience.
- The life-span perspective integrates various disciplines, making it a comprehensive field of study.
- Contextual factors play a crucial role in development, influenced by social, cultural, and environmental settings.
4 Goals of Psychology
- Predicting behavior helps to foresee how individuals might react in various situations.
- Describing behavior focuses on understanding actions without interpretation.
- Controlling behavior involves altering environmental factors to change responses.
- Changing behavior aims to modify actions intentionally, often for therapeutic purposes.
Basic Research Design
- Case studies provide in-depth knowledge about individual cases, capturing unique details.
- Ethnographic studies explore cultural contexts but may introduce researcher bias.
- Correlational research examines relationships between variables but does not imply causation.
- Experimental designs establish cause-and-effect relationships through controlled studies.
Developmental Research
- Cross-sectional research compares different age groups at a single point in time.
- Longitudinal studies track changes in individuals over extended periods, providing insights into development over time.
- Sequential designs combine elements of cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches for robust findings.
Ethics in Research
- Informed consent emphasizes the importance of participants' understanding before involvement.
- Privacy and confidentiality protect participants' personal information in research studies.
- Ethical publishing ensures that research results are disseminated responsibly.
- Plagiarism is prohibited and involves presenting others' work as one's own.
- Multiple relationships in research contexts can lead to conflicts of interest and must be managed ethically.
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages outline development from oral (0-2 years) to genital (puberty onward), focusing on unconscious urges.
- David Bowlby's psychosocial theory highlights attachment and the importance of caregiver relationships.
- Evolutionary psychology emphasizes adaptive behaviors related to survival and parenting.
Contextual Perspectives
- Lev Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory stresses the influence of culture and society on learning and development.
- Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model examines how environmental systems interact with individuals over time.
- Freud's psychosexual stages include:
- Oral (0-2 years): Focus on mouth; development of the superego.
- Anal (2-3 years): Focus on bowel control; merging of pleasure and reality.
- Phallic (3-4 years): Awareness of genital differences; includes Oedipus and Electra complexes.
- Latency (5-11 years): Dormant sexual feelings; emphasis on schooling.
- Genital (puberty onward): Mature sexual relationships develop.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of developmental psychology, including the four primary goals that guide the discipline. Delve into the life-span perspective, its multidimensional and contextual nature, and understand how human development continues from birth to death.
