Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the goals of developmental psychology?
Growth and maturation are interchangeable terms in psychology.
False
What is the definition of development in the context of psychology?
Development is defined as the orderly and progressive changes that occur as organisms move from conception to death.
Maturation is often not __________ and is influenced by genetics.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What is the first stage of labor characterized by?
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Delivery can only occur through the vaginal canal.
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Name one factor that can contribute to a cesarean birth.
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The critical periods of prenatal development include the first trimester, the _____ month, and the _____ month.
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Match the stages of labor with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Goals of Developmental Psychology
- Description involves outlining behaviors observed throughout a person's lifespan.
- Explanation seeks to understand the reasons behind behaviors and cognitive development in children.
- Prediction allows for anticipating behavioral changes over time, aiding educators and psychologists in their approaches.
- Change focuses on influencing and modifying behaviors to foster positive, enduring changes in individuals' lives.
Development
- Development signifies organized and progressive changes in individuals from conception to death, involving both growth and maturation.
- Growth and maturation are distinct in psychology; growth is quantitative and physical, while maturation refers to qualitative intellectual or emotional progression.
Growth and Maturation
- Growth: measurable physical development influenced by genetics.
- Maturation: internal processes leading to intellectual or emotional development, often not quantifiable and typically qualitative.
Critical Periods in Prenatal Development
- Critical periods mark essential times when vital organs and systems develop, primarily during the first trimester and the 7th to 9th months of pregnancy.
- Adverse conditions in the uterine environment can lead to developmental abnormalities.
Labour
- Labour is the process through which the fetus and placenta exit the uterus.
- Delivery methods include vaginal birth or cesarean section, the latter influenced by factors like prolonged labor, abnormal positioning, and fetal distress.
Stages of Labour
- First stage: begins with initial contractions and ends with full dilation of the cervix (10 cm).
- Second stage: characterized by the mother actively pushing, concluding with the baby's birth.
- Third stage: involves the delivery of the placenta and afterbirth, following the birth of the baby.
Genetic Concepts
- Alleles have variations at the same chromosome location; humans are diploid, having two alleles per genetic locus.
- Homozygous individuals have identical alleles, while heterozygous individuals have different alleles.
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype: an individual's complete set of genes dictating body functions and traits.
- Phenotype: observable characteristics like height and eye color, not all traits in the genotype may be expressed.
Dominant and Recessive Genes/Alleles
- Dominant alleles manifest effects with one copy present; recessive alleles require two copies to exhibit their traits.
Environmental Threats
- Teratogens are harmful environmental agents affecting prenatal development.
- Harm from teratogens is influenced by dose, heredity, concurrent negative factors, and the organism's age at exposure.
Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)
- ARND involves impairments in mental functioning linked to prenatal alcohol exposure, despite typical physical growth.
- Greater alcohol consumption during pregnancy correlates with poorer outcomes in motor coordination, cognitive processing, and academic performance.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental goals of developmental psychology, focusing on describing, explaining, and predicting human behavior across the lifespan. Participants will delve into the factors that influence cognitive and communicative development in children. Engage with this quiz to understand the intricacies of why people behave as they do.
