Industrial Electrical Systems - II: DG Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the air intake system in a diesel power station?

  • To supply fuel to the engine
  • To cool the engine
  • To lubricate the engine
  • To remove dust particles from the air (correct)

    • What is the function of the cooling system in a diesel power station?

  • To keep the temperature of the engine parts within safe operating limits (correct)
  • To generate power
  • To supply air to the engine
  • To reduce noise level

    • What is the purpose of the lubricating system in a diesel power station?

  • To minimize the wear of rubbing surfaces of the engine (correct)
  • To generate power
  • To cool the engine
  • To supply air to the engine

    • What type of generator is used in a diesel power station?

    <p>Salient pole type synchronous generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the choke in an alternator excitation unit?

    <p>To adjust the terminal voltage at no load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)?

    <p>To provide backup power during mains failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a UPS works?

    <p>Converting AC to DC and then back to AC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rectifier in a UPS?

    <p>To convert AC to DC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor to consider when sizing a UPS battery?

    <p>Backup time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering redundancy in a UPS system?

    <p>To ensure system reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Lead Acid/Calcium and Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Gelled Electrolyte, Sealed Battery?

    <p>Maintenance requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting a UPS topology?

    <p>Application sensitivity to power interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of a UPS?

    <p>To minimize energy costs and environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting a battery type?

    <p>Energy density, cycle life, and maintenance requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering the form factor of a UPS?

    <p>To ensure the UPS fits within the available space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated when selecting battery banks?

    <p>Battery type, capacity, autonomy, charging time, and temperature considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diesel engine in a diesel power station?

    <p>To burn diesel and produce mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are diesel power stations used despite having a higher generation cost?

    <p>Because they are suitable for places with limited demand and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a UPS?

    <p>To supply power to the equipment during input power interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of diesel power stations over steam power stations?

    <p>They have a lower overall cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a UPS over other immediate power supply systems?

    <p>It provides immediate protection against input power interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of diesel power stations?

    <p>They have high running charges due to costly fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are diesel power stations often used as standby sets?

    <p>In important locations such as hospitals and radio stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a flywheel in a UPS?

    <p>To store energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transfer time of an Off-line UPS?

    <p>About 25 milliseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do diesel power stations occupy less space?

    <p>Because they have a small number of auxiliaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an Off-line UPS and a Line Interactive UPS?

    <p>The addition of a tap-changing transformer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of diesel power stations?

    <p>They have a high thermal efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of diesel power stations?

    <p>They do not work satisfactorily under overload conditions for a longer period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rectifier in an On-line UPS?

    <p>To convert AC to DC for storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of an On-line UPS over an Off-line UPS?

    <p>It has a shorter transfer time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tap-changing transformer in a Line Interactive UPS?

    <p>To change the tap depending on input voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when selecting battery banks?

    <p>The physical size and weight of the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to implement a battery monitoring system?

    <p>To track the health and performance of the batteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ensuring the reliability of the backup power system?

    <p>Ensuring seamless integration between the UPS and battery banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to adhere to local codes and regulations?

    <p>To ensure safety and compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of developing a testing and maintenance schedule?

    <p>To verify the functionality of the UPS and battery banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach when selecting UPS and battery banks?

    <p>To consult with a professional or work closely with a reputable supplier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important safety consideration when implementing a backup power system?

    <p>Proper ventilation for batteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to check the warranty provided by the battery manufacturer?

    <p>To assess the expected lifespan and replacement costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diesel Power Station (DG Set)

    • A generating station that uses a diesel engine as the prime mover for generating electrical energy.
    • The diesel engine drives an alternator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
    • Advantages:
      • Simple design and layout
      • Occupies less space
      • Can be located anywhere
      • Quick start-up and load pick-up
      • No standby losses
      • Less water required for cooling
      • Lower overall cost compared to a steam power station of the same capacity
      • Higher thermal efficiency
      • Requires less operating staff
    • Disadvantages:
      • High running charges due to costly fuel (diesel)
      • Unsatisfactory performance under overload conditions for a long period
      • Limited to generating small power
      • High cost of lubrication
      • High maintenance charges

    Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Power Station

    • Auxiliaries:
      • Fuel supply system
      • Air intake system
      • Exhaust system
      • Cooling system
      • Lubricating system
      • Engine starting system
    • Diesel generator set: a salient pole type synchronous generator, self-excited and self-regulated by an excitation unit

    Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

    • A device that maintains a continuous supply of electrical power, even in the event of a mains (utility) supply failure.
    • Installed between the mains supply and the equipment to be protected.
    • Uses: safeguarding computers, data centers, and critical equipment in large organizations.
    • Working principle:
      • Converts mains AC supply to DC voltage
      • Charges batteries during normal operation
      • Uses DC voltage from batteries to supply power during a mains failure
      • Converts DC voltage back to AC voltage using an inverter
    • Advantages: immediate protection against input power interruptions, short battery run time, and safe shutdown of connected equipment

    Types of UPS

    • Off-line UPS (Standby UPS system):
      • Primary source is the filtered AC mains
      • Transfer switch selects the backup source during a power breakage
      • Least expensive UPS system, provides surge protection and backup
    • On-line UPS:
      • Double conversion method: AC input is converted to DC for storage, and then converted back to AC for the load
      • Used where electrical isolation is mandatory
      • More expensive due to the design of constantly running converters and cooling systems
    • Line Interactive UPS:
      • Used for small business and departmental servers
      • Similar to off-line UPS, but with the addition of a tap-changing transformer for voltage regulation
      • Provides additional filtering and lower transient loss

    Battery Types

    • Lead Acid/Plante Battery
    • Lead Acid/Antimony Battery
    • Lead Acid/Calcium Battery
    • Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Liquid Electrolyte Battery
    • Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Gelled Electrolyte, Sealed Battery
    • Lead Acid (Special Alloy), Suspended Electrolyte, Maintenance-free, Sealed Battery
    • Nickel Cadmium, Pocket Plate Liquid Electrolyte Battery

    Battery Sizing

    • Manufacturers provide sizing information for their batteries
    • Battery sizing is typically done using watts per cell or amperes per cell
    • Watts per cell method: uses kilowatts per cell tabulated for various backup times
    • Amperes per cell method: uses charts expressed in available amps for specified periods of time

    Selection of UPS and Battery Banks

    • Key considerations:
      • Power capacity (kVA or kW)
      • Topology (Online Double Conversion, Line Interactive, Standby)
      • Redundancy
      • Scalability
      • Efficiency
      • Compatibility
      • Monitoring and management
      • Form factor
      • Battery type (VRLA, lithium-ion)
      • Capacity and autonomy
      • Charging time
      • Temperature considerations
      • Maintenance requirements
      • Footprint
      • Monitoring system
      • Warranty
      • Integration and compatibility
      • Safety
      • Testing and maintenance schedule

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of diesel power stations, also known as DG Sets, which use diesel engines as prime movers to generate electrical energy. Learn about the combustion process and how it produces mechanical energy.

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