Diesel Power Station (DG Set)

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Questions and Answers

What is a diesel power station/DG Set?

  • A generating station that uses steam engine as the prime mover
  • A generating station that uses wind power as the prime mover
  • A generating station that uses hydro power as the prime mover
  • A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover (correct)

What is the main reason why diesel power stations are only used to produce small power?

  • Due to high price of diesel (correct)
  • Due to availability of coal and water
  • Due to high operating staff required
  • Due to lack of transportation facilities

What is one of the advantages of diesel power stations?

  • It occupies less space as the number and size of the auxiliaries is small (correct)
  • It requires more water for cooling
  • It requires more operating staff
  • It occupies more space due to large auxiliaries

Why are diesel power stations used as standby sets?

<p>For continuity of supply to important points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of diesel power stations?

<p>It has high running charges as the fuel used is costly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of diesel power stations?

<p>It can only generate small power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of diesel power stations over steam power stations?

<p>The overall cost of diesel power station is less than that of steam power station of the same capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are diesel power stations used in areas where demand of power is less?

<p>Due to transportation facilities being inadequate in these areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of battery is commonly used in UPS systems?

<p>Lead Acid/Plante (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure the required power of a battery?

<p>Watts per cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when sizing a UPS system?

<p>Power factor of the load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of redundancy in a UPS system?

<p>To provide backup in case of a failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when selecting a UPS topology?

<p>The application's sensitivity to power interruptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when selecting a battery type?

<p>Energy density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the charging time of a battery?

<p>To minimize downtime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured when installing a UPS system?

<p>That the UPS is compatible with the load characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the air intake system in a diesel power station?

<p>To supply necessary air to the engine for fuel combustion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cooling system in a diesel power station?

<p>To keep the temperature of the engine parts within safe operating limits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of generator is used in a diesel power station?

<p>Synchronous generator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lubricating system in a diesel power station?

<p>To minimize the wear of rubbing surfaces of the engine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)?

<p>To maintain a continuous supply of electrical power in case of mains failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the excitation unit in a diesel power station?

<p>To regulate the terminal voltage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fuel supply system in a diesel power station?

<p>To supply fuel to the engine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exhaust system in a diesel power station?

<p>To lead the engine exhaust gas outside the building and discharge it into the atmosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a UPS?

<p>To supply power to equipment during input power interruptions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of UPS is also known as a Standby UPS system?

<p>Off-line UPS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tap-changing transformer in a Line Interactive UPS?

<p>To provide voltage regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of an On-line UPS over an Off-line UPS?

<p>It provides electrical isolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical transfer time of an Off-line UPS?

<p>25 milliseconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rectifier in an On-line UPS?

<p>To convert AC power to DC power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of an On-line UPS?

<p>It is more costly due to the design of constantly running converters and cooling systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical application of a Line Interactive UPS?

<p>Small business and departmental servers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect to consider when selecting a battery bank?

<p>Physical size and weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to implement a battery monitoring system?

<p>To monitor the battery's health and performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked before selecting a battery bank?

<p>The battery's warranty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure seamless integration between the UPS and battery banks?

<p>To create a reliable and efficient backup power system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential safety measure to implement when using battery banks?

<p>Proper ventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advisable to consult with a professional when selecting a UPS and battery bank?

<p>To ensure the chosen system aligns with the specific requirements and constraints of the application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to ensure when selecting a UPS and battery bank?

<p>Adherence to local codes and regulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to develop a testing and maintenance schedule?

<p>To verify the functionality of both the UPS and battery banks regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Diesel Power Station (DG Set)

  • A generating station that uses a diesel engine as the prime mover for generating electrical energy.
  • The diesel engine drives an alternator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • Advantages:
    • Simple design and layout
    • Occupies less space
    • Can be located anywhere
    • Quick start-up and load pick-up
    • No standby losses
    • Less water required for cooling
    • Lower overall cost compared to a steam power station of the same capacity
    • Higher thermal efficiency
    • Requires less operating staff
  • Disadvantages:
    • High running charges due to costly fuel (diesel)
    • Unsatisfactory performance under overload conditions for a long period
    • Limited to generating small power
    • High cost of lubrication
    • High maintenance charges

Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Power Station

  • Auxiliaries:
    • Fuel supply system
    • Air intake system
    • Exhaust system
    • Cooling system
    • Lubricating system
    • Engine starting system
  • Diesel generator set: a salient pole type synchronous generator, self-excited and self-regulated by an excitation unit

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

  • A device that maintains a continuous supply of electrical power, even in the event of a mains (utility) supply failure.
  • Installed between the mains supply and the equipment to be protected.
  • Uses: safeguarding computers, data centers, and critical equipment in large organizations.
  • Working principle:
    • Converts mains AC supply to DC voltage
    • Charges batteries during normal operation
    • Uses DC voltage from batteries to supply power during a mains failure
    • Converts DC voltage back to AC voltage using an inverter
  • Advantages: immediate protection against input power interruptions, short battery run time, and safe shutdown of connected equipment

Types of UPS

  • Off-line UPS (Standby UPS system):
    • Primary source is the filtered AC mains
    • Transfer switch selects the backup source during a power breakage
    • Least expensive UPS system, provides surge protection and backup
  • On-line UPS:
    • Double conversion method: AC input is converted to DC for storage, and then converted back to AC for the load
    • Used where electrical isolation is mandatory
    • More expensive due to the design of constantly running converters and cooling systems
  • Line Interactive UPS:
    • Used for small business and departmental servers
    • Similar to off-line UPS, but with the addition of a tap-changing transformer for voltage regulation
    • Provides additional filtering and lower transient loss

Battery Types

  • Lead Acid/Plante Battery
  • Lead Acid/Antimony Battery
  • Lead Acid/Calcium Battery
  • Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Liquid Electrolyte Battery
  • Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Gelled Electrolyte, Sealed Battery
  • Lead Acid (Special Alloy), Suspended Electrolyte, Maintenance-free, Sealed Battery
  • Nickel Cadmium, Pocket Plate Liquid Electrolyte Battery

Battery Sizing

  • Manufacturers provide sizing information for their batteries
  • Battery sizing is typically done using watts per cell or amperes per cell
  • Watts per cell method: uses kilowatts per cell tabulated for various backup times
  • Amperes per cell method: uses charts expressed in available amps for specified periods of time

Selection of UPS and Battery Banks

  • Key considerations:
    • Power capacity (kVA or kW)
    • Topology (Online Double Conversion, Line Interactive, Standby)
    • Redundancy
    • Scalability
    • Efficiency
    • Compatibility
    • Monitoring and management
    • Form factor
    • Battery type (VRLA, lithium-ion)
    • Capacity and autonomy
    • Charging time
    • Temperature considerations
    • Maintenance requirements
    • Footprint
    • Monitoring system
    • Warranty
    • Integration and compatibility
    • Safety
    • Testing and maintenance schedule

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