Diesel Power Station (DG Set)
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Questions and Answers

What is a diesel power station/DG Set?

  • A generating station that uses steam engine as the prime mover
  • A generating station that uses wind power as the prime mover
  • A generating station that uses hydro power as the prime mover
  • A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover (correct)

    • What is the main reason why diesel power stations are only used to produce small power?

  • Due to high price of diesel (correct)
  • Due to availability of coal and water
  • Due to high operating staff required
  • Due to lack of transportation facilities

    • What is one of the advantages of diesel power stations?

  • It occupies less space as the number and size of the auxiliaries is small (correct)
  • It requires more water for cooling
  • It requires more operating staff
  • It occupies more space due to large auxiliaries

    • Why are diesel power stations used as standby sets?

    <p>For continuity of supply to important points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of diesel power stations?

    <p>It has high running charges as the fuel used is costly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of diesel power stations?

    <p>It can only generate small power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of diesel power stations over steam power stations?

    <p>The overall cost of diesel power station is less than that of steam power station of the same capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are diesel power stations used in areas where demand of power is less?

    <p>Due to transportation facilities being inadequate in these areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of battery is commonly used in UPS systems?

    <p>Lead Acid/Plante</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit used to measure the required power of a battery?

    <p>Watts per cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider when sizing a UPS system?

    <p>Power factor of the load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of redundancy in a UPS system?

    <p>To provide backup in case of a failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting a UPS topology?

    <p>The application's sensitivity to power interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when selecting a battery type?

    <p>Energy density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the charging time of a battery?

    <p>To minimize downtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured when installing a UPS system?

    <p>That the UPS is compatible with the load characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the air intake system in a diesel power station?

    <p>To supply necessary air to the engine for fuel combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cooling system in a diesel power station?

    <p>To keep the temperature of the engine parts within safe operating limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of generator is used in a diesel power station?

    <p>Synchronous generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lubricating system in a diesel power station?

    <p>To minimize the wear of rubbing surfaces of the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)?

    <p>To maintain a continuous supply of electrical power in case of mains failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the excitation unit in a diesel power station?

    <p>To regulate the terminal voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fuel supply system in a diesel power station?

    <p>To supply fuel to the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the exhaust system in a diesel power station?

    <p>To lead the engine exhaust gas outside the building and discharge it into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a UPS?

    <p>To supply power to equipment during input power interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of UPS is also known as a Standby UPS system?

    <p>Off-line UPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tap-changing transformer in a Line Interactive UPS?

    <p>To provide voltage regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of an On-line UPS over an Off-line UPS?

    <p>It provides electrical isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical transfer time of an Off-line UPS?

    <p>25 milliseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rectifier in an On-line UPS?

    <p>To convert AC power to DC power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of an On-line UPS?

    <p>It is more costly due to the design of constantly running converters and cooling systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical application of a Line Interactive UPS?

    <p>Small business and departmental servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect to consider when selecting a battery bank?

    <p>Physical size and weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to implement a battery monitoring system?

    <p>To monitor the battery's health and performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before selecting a battery bank?

    <p>The battery's warranty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure seamless integration between the UPS and battery banks?

    <p>To create a reliable and efficient backup power system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential safety measure to implement when using battery banks?

    <p>Proper ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advisable to consult with a professional when selecting a UPS and battery bank?

    <p>To ensure the chosen system aligns with the specific requirements and constraints of the application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to ensure when selecting a UPS and battery bank?

    <p>Adherence to local codes and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to develop a testing and maintenance schedule?

    <p>To verify the functionality of both the UPS and battery banks regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diesel Power Station (DG Set)

    • A generating station that uses a diesel engine as the prime mover for generating electrical energy.
    • The diesel engine drives an alternator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
    • Advantages:
      • Simple design and layout
      • Occupies less space
      • Can be located anywhere
      • Quick start-up and load pick-up
      • No standby losses
      • Less water required for cooling
      • Lower overall cost compared to a steam power station of the same capacity
      • Higher thermal efficiency
      • Requires less operating staff
    • Disadvantages:
      • High running charges due to costly fuel (diesel)
      • Unsatisfactory performance under overload conditions for a long period
      • Limited to generating small power
      • High cost of lubrication
      • High maintenance charges

    Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Power Station

    • Auxiliaries:
      • Fuel supply system
      • Air intake system
      • Exhaust system
      • Cooling system
      • Lubricating system
      • Engine starting system
    • Diesel generator set: a salient pole type synchronous generator, self-excited and self-regulated by an excitation unit

    Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

    • A device that maintains a continuous supply of electrical power, even in the event of a mains (utility) supply failure.
    • Installed between the mains supply and the equipment to be protected.
    • Uses: safeguarding computers, data centers, and critical equipment in large organizations.
    • Working principle:
      • Converts mains AC supply to DC voltage
      • Charges batteries during normal operation
      • Uses DC voltage from batteries to supply power during a mains failure
      • Converts DC voltage back to AC voltage using an inverter
    • Advantages: immediate protection against input power interruptions, short battery run time, and safe shutdown of connected equipment

    Types of UPS

    • Off-line UPS (Standby UPS system):
      • Primary source is the filtered AC mains
      • Transfer switch selects the backup source during a power breakage
      • Least expensive UPS system, provides surge protection and backup
    • On-line UPS:
      • Double conversion method: AC input is converted to DC for storage, and then converted back to AC for the load
      • Used where electrical isolation is mandatory
      • More expensive due to the design of constantly running converters and cooling systems
    • Line Interactive UPS:
      • Used for small business and departmental servers
      • Similar to off-line UPS, but with the addition of a tap-changing transformer for voltage regulation
      • Provides additional filtering and lower transient loss

    Battery Types

    • Lead Acid/Plante Battery
    • Lead Acid/Antimony Battery
    • Lead Acid/Calcium Battery
    • Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Liquid Electrolyte Battery
    • Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Gelled Electrolyte, Sealed Battery
    • Lead Acid (Special Alloy), Suspended Electrolyte, Maintenance-free, Sealed Battery
    • Nickel Cadmium, Pocket Plate Liquid Electrolyte Battery

    Battery Sizing

    • Manufacturers provide sizing information for their batteries
    • Battery sizing is typically done using watts per cell or amperes per cell
    • Watts per cell method: uses kilowatts per cell tabulated for various backup times
    • Amperes per cell method: uses charts expressed in available amps for specified periods of time

    Selection of UPS and Battery Banks

    • Key considerations:
      • Power capacity (kVA or kW)
      • Topology (Online Double Conversion, Line Interactive, Standby)
      • Redundancy
      • Scalability
      • Efficiency
      • Compatibility
      • Monitoring and management
      • Form factor
      • Battery type (VRLA, lithium-ion)
      • Capacity and autonomy
      • Charging time
      • Temperature considerations
      • Maintenance requirements
      • Footprint
      • Monitoring system
      • Warranty
      • Integration and compatibility
      • Safety
      • Testing and maintenance schedule

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    Description

    A generating station that uses a diesel engine as the prime mover for generating electrical energy, offering advantages like simple design, quick start-up, and lower costs.

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