MED 308: Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant drawback of power plants that rely on gas turbines?

Minimal environmental impact

High susceptibility to power fluctuations

Low operational costs compared to fossil fuels

Dependence on high-quality air and gas filters (correct)

Which pollutant is not associated with nuclear power plants?

Radioactive release

Radioactive waste

Thermal pollution

SO2 (correct)

What effect does the anaerobic decomposition of vegetation in hydro-power plants have?

Reduction of greenhouse gases

Enhancement of nutrient transport downstream

Increased oxygen levels in the water

Production of greenhouse gases (correct)

Which of the following pollutants is primarily produced by diesel power plants?

NOx Signup and view all the answers

How does environmental degradation from hydro-power plants typically manifest?

Loss of wetlands and wildlife habitat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of thermal pollution from power plants?

Harm to aquatic life due to temperature changes Signup and view all the answers

What is one feature that distinguishes diesel engines from gasoline engines?

They are named after Rudolf Diesel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following thermodynamic processes occurs in the Diesel cycle during heat addition?

Constant pressure heat addition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a diesel engine power plant in peak load conditions?

To complement other power plants. Signup and view all the answers

In the Diesel cycle, how is the thermal efficiency calculated?

η = 1 - (Q2/Q1) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of diesel engine?

Wankel Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the isentropic process in the Diesel cycle?

No heat transfer occurs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a typical application of a diesel power plant?

As a standby unit for emergencies Signup and view all the answers

What type of cycle describes the thermodynamic process of a diesel engine?

Diesel cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is a common disadvantage of diesel engine power plants?

High emissions of particulate matter Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main disadvantages of gas turbine engines?

High operating cost Signup and view all the answers

Which process in the Brayton Cycle involves constant pressure heat addition?

Process 2-3 Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a closed-cycle gas turbine engine?

Recirculates the working fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of the Brayton Cycle?

$η = 1 - \frac{T4 - T1}{T3 - T2}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suitable application for gas turbine power plants?

Peak load generation in combination with other plants Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an advantage of gas turbine engines?

High requirement for cooling water Signup and view all the answers

During which process of the Brayton Cycle does isentropic expansion occur?

Process 3-4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the gas turbine engine's fuel usage?

Various hydrocarbon fuels can be used Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Brayton Cycle represents constant pressure heat rejection?

Process 4-1 Signup and view all the answers

What issue is commonly associated with gas turbine engines?

Noise problems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

MED 308: Power Plant Engineering

Course offered: Power Plant Engineering
Lecture number: 22
Date: 20 November 2024
Course unit: Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants

Unit III: Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants

Diesel engines: Named after Rudolf Diesel, also known as Compression Ignition Engines (CI Engines). They don't require spark plugs. Types include four-stroke, two-stroke, horizontal, vertical, single, and multi-cylinder.
Thermodynamic cycle: The Air Standard Cycle (Diesel Cycle). Key processes include Isentropic Compression (1-2), Constant Pressure Heat Addition (2-3), Isentropic Expansion (3-4), and Constant Volume Heat Rejection (4-1). Efficiency calculations based on heat supplied and rejected (Q1, Q2) depend on temperatures (T3, T4, T1, T2).
General layout and essential elements of the diesel engine power plant: Details of the components like Fuel Oil Pump, Air Filter, Fuel Injector, Diesel Engine, etc are shown in a diagram.

Typical applications, advantages, and disadvantages of a diesel engine power plant

Applications: Peak load plants, mobile load plants, and standby generators.
Advantages: Simple design and installation, lower space requirements, quick start-up and shutdown, inexpensive and easy maintenance.
Disadvantages: Higher operating expenses, restrained capacity, and potential noise and overload problems.

Gas turbine engines and their types

Gas turbine engines: Also known as Combustion Engines, converting fuels into mechanical energy. Types include open-cycle and closed-cycle.
Thermodynamic cycle: The Air Standard Cycle (Brayton Cycle or Joule Cycle). Key processes: Isentropic Compression (1-2), Constant Pressure Heat Addition (2-3), Isentropic Expansion (3-4), and Constant Pressure Heat Rejection (4-1). Efficiency linked to heat supply (Q1) and rejection (Q2), with temperatures (T3, T4, T1, T2).
Essential elements of a gas turbine power plant: Diagram shows components like Nozzle, Combustor, Coupling, Compressor, and Turbine among others, and their interactions.

Typical applications, advantages, and disadvantages of a gas turbine power plant.

Applications: Peak load plants, suitable for remote locations.
Advantages: Low size and weight per kW, flexibility in fuel types, and lower cooling water demand.
Disadvantages: High sensitivity to ambient conditions, large compressor requirements, and need for superior air/gas filters.

Unit IV: Environmental and Economic Aspects of Power Plants

Pollutants from different power plants: Table compares pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO2, Particulate Matter) emitted by various power plants (Fossil Fuel, Diesel, Gas Turbine, Nuclear). Nuclear plants release radioactive waste and have thermal pollution concerns.

Effects of Pollutants

Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, Smog, Acid Rain: These issues impact aquatic life, illustrated with a diagram and relevant sources. The diagram demonstrates the consequences of these effects and their relationship to pollutants.
Environmental degradation due to hydro-power plant: Loss of wildlife habitat, reduced downstream biological activity, greenhouse gas production, water loss, and accumulation of sediments and pollutants. A hydro-power plant diagram illustrates the environmental impact and issues.

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Description

Explore the intricate details of diesel engine and gas turbine power plants in this MED 308 quiz. Focus on the fundamental concepts of thermodynamic cycles, engine types, and essential components. Test your knowledge of efficiency calculations and the general layout of power plants.