GI Drugs: Antacids and Nursing Implications
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antacids?

  • Neutralizing the gastric acid that has already been secreted (correct)
  • Enhancing the digestion of proteins
  • Inhibiting the production of gastric acid
  • Stimulating the production of mucus to protect the stomach lining

    • What is a common side effect of Magnesium hydroxide?

  • Diarrhea (correct)
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea
  • Constipation

    • Why should antacids be used with caution in patients with renal impairment?

  • Because they can alter the pH of the blood
  • Because they can interact with other medications
  • Because they can cause dehydration
  • Because they can exacerbate existing kidney disease (correct)

    • What is a consideration for diabetic patients taking antacids?

    <p>The high sugar content of some antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between antacids and histamine blockers?

    <p>Their mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a priority teaching issue for patients taking antacids?

    <p>The need to monitor for signs of constipation or diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sodium bicarbonate not recommended for heart patients?

    <p>It can lead to hypertension and edema due to high sodium content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of histamine blockers?

    <p>Blocking histamine, which normally stimulates HCL acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between proton pump inhibitors and histamine blockers?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion, while histamine blockers block histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended order of treatment for constipation?

    <p>Try bulky-forming agents first, then cathartics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of stimulant irritants?

    <p>They increase gut motility and fluid movement into the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for saline laxative cathartics?

    <p>Preparing the gut for X-rays or bowel surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    GI Drugs

    • Antacids: neutralize gastric acid that has already been secreted
    • Examples: Aluminum hydroxide (e.g., Maalox), Magnesium hydroxide (e.g., Mylanta), Calcium carbonate (e.g., Tums), Sodium bicarbonate (e.g., Baking Soda)

    Nursing Implications for Antacids

    • Considerations: taste, cost, sodium content, potential interactions with other drugs
    • Aluminum hydroxide may cause constipation, while Magnesium salts may cause diarrhea
    • Use with caution in renal patients and diabetics
    • Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in heart patients due to high sodium content

    Histamine Blockers

    • Prototypes: Cimetidine (Tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid)
    • Action: block histamine, which stimulates HCL acid secretion
    • Dosage forms: oral, parenteral (IV infusions q 6 hours)
    • Therapy duration: often 6-8 weeks to heal ulcer
    • Side effects: few, including headache

    Proton Pump Inhibitors

    • Action: suppress gastric acid secretion by blocking H+ and enzyme system
    • Examples: Prevacid (Lansoprazole), Prilosec (Omeprazole)
    • Prevent ulcers

    Laxatives; Cathartics; Antidiarrheal

    • Two groups: relieve constipation and treat diarrhea
    • Factors affecting GI motility: exercise, diet, stress, travel, fluid intake
    • Incorrect use of OTC drugs for constipation or as a weight loss aid

    Categories of Laxatives

    • Bulk-forming laxatives: Psyllium (e.g., Metamucil), bran
    • Saline laxative cathartics: Milk of Magnesia, Phosphosoda enemas
    • Hyperosmotic agents: glycerin (glycerin suppository)
    • Stimulant irritants: Biscodyl (Dulcolax), Castor Oil
    • Stool-softening agents

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    Description

    This quiz covers antacids, their examples, and nursing implications, including considerations and precautions. Learn about the effects of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium salts, and more.

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