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Why is sodium bicarbonate considered dangerous for heart patients?
Why is sodium bicarbonate considered dangerous for heart patients?
- Because it can cause ulcers
- Because it can cause diarrhea
- Because it can interact with antacids
- Because it contains too much sodium (correct)
What is the primary action of histamine blockers such as cimetidine?
What is the primary action of histamine blockers such as cimetidine?
- Neutralizing acid in the stomach
- Stimulating gastric acid secretion
- Increasing gut motility
- Blocking histamine to reduce acid secretion (correct)
What is the typical duration of therapy required to heal an ulcer using histamine blockers?
What is the typical duration of therapy required to heal an ulcer using histamine blockers?
- 3-6 months
- 2-4 weeks
- 6-8 weeks (correct)
- 1-2 years
What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole?
What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole?
What type of laxative should be tried first in patients with constipation?
What type of laxative should be tried first in patients with constipation?
What is the mechanism of action of stimulant laxatives such as bisacodyl?
What is the mechanism of action of stimulant laxatives such as bisacodyl?
What is the primary mechanism of action for antacid drugs?
What is the primary mechanism of action for antacid drugs?
What is a common side effect of Aluminum hydroxide antacids?
What is a common side effect of Aluminum hydroxide antacids?
Why should antacids be used with caution in patients with renal disease?
Why should antacids be used with caution in patients with renal disease?
What is an important consideration for diabetic patients taking antacids?
What is an important consideration for diabetic patients taking antacids?
What is the purpose of antacids in patients with ulcers caused by H. Pylori?
What is the purpose of antacids in patients with ulcers caused by H. Pylori?
What is a common ingredient in many antacid products?
What is a common ingredient in many antacid products?
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Study Notes
GI Drugs
- Antacids: neutralize gastric acid that has already been secreted
- Examples: Aluminum hydroxide (e.g., Maalox), Magnesium hydroxide (e.g., Mylanta), Calcium carbonate (e.g., Tums), Sodium bicarbonate (e.g., Baking Soda)
Nursing Implications for Antacids
- Considerations: taste, cost, sodium content, potential interactions with other drugs
- Aluminum hydroxide may cause constipation, while Magnesium salts may cause diarrhea
- Use with caution in renal patients and diabetics
- Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in heart patients due to high sodium content
Histamine Blockers
- Prototypes: Cimetidine (Tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid)
- Action: block histamine, which stimulates HCL acid secretion
- Dosage forms: oral, parenteral (IV infusions q 6 hours)
- Therapy duration: often 6-8 weeks to heal ulcer
- Side effects: few, including headache
Proton Pump Inhibitors
- Action: suppress gastric acid secretion by blocking H+ and enzyme system
- Examples: Prevacid (Lansoprazole), Prilosec (Omeprazole)
- Prevent ulcers
Laxatives; Cathartics; Antidiarrheal
- Two groups: relieve constipation and treat diarrhea
- Factors affecting GI motility: exercise, diet, stress, travel, fluid intake
- Incorrect use of OTC drugs for constipation or as a weight loss aid
Categories of Laxatives
- Bulk-forming laxatives: Psyllium (e.g., Metamucil), bran
- Saline laxative cathartics: Milk of Magnesia, Phosphosoda enemas
- Hyperosmotic agents: glycerin (glycerin suppository)
- Stimulant irritants: Biscodyl (Dulcolax), Castor Oil
- Stool-softening agents
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