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Questions and Answers
Why is sodium bicarbonate considered dangerous for heart patients?
What is the primary action of histamine blockers such as cimetidine?
What is the typical duration of therapy required to heal an ulcer using histamine blockers?
What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole?
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What type of laxative should be tried first in patients with constipation?
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What is the mechanism of action of stimulant laxatives such as bisacodyl?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for antacid drugs?
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What is a common side effect of Aluminum hydroxide antacids?
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Why should antacids be used with caution in patients with renal disease?
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What is an important consideration for diabetic patients taking antacids?
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What is the purpose of antacids in patients with ulcers caused by H. Pylori?
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What is a common ingredient in many antacid products?
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Study Notes
GI Drugs
- Antacids: neutralize gastric acid that has already been secreted
- Examples: Aluminum hydroxide (e.g., Maalox), Magnesium hydroxide (e.g., Mylanta), Calcium carbonate (e.g., Tums), Sodium bicarbonate (e.g., Baking Soda)
Nursing Implications for Antacids
- Considerations: taste, cost, sodium content, potential interactions with other drugs
- Aluminum hydroxide may cause constipation, while Magnesium salts may cause diarrhea
- Use with caution in renal patients and diabetics
- Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in heart patients due to high sodium content
Histamine Blockers
- Prototypes: Cimetidine (Tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid)
- Action: block histamine, which stimulates HCL acid secretion
- Dosage forms: oral, parenteral (IV infusions q 6 hours)
- Therapy duration: often 6-8 weeks to heal ulcer
- Side effects: few, including headache
Proton Pump Inhibitors
- Action: suppress gastric acid secretion by blocking H+ and enzyme system
- Examples: Prevacid (Lansoprazole), Prilosec (Omeprazole)
- Prevent ulcers
Laxatives; Cathartics; Antidiarrheal
- Two groups: relieve constipation and treat diarrhea
- Factors affecting GI motility: exercise, diet, stress, travel, fluid intake
- Incorrect use of OTC drugs for constipation or as a weight loss aid
Categories of Laxatives
- Bulk-forming laxatives: Psyllium (e.g., Metamucil), bran
- Saline laxative cathartics: Milk of Magnesia, Phosphosoda enemas
- Hyperosmotic agents: glycerin (glycerin suppository)
- Stimulant irritants: Biscodyl (Dulcolax), Castor Oil
- Stool-softening agents
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Description
This quiz covers chapters 50, 51, and 52 of Lilley et al's 9th edition, focusing on GI drugs, including antacids, histamine blockers, proton pump inhibitors, laxatives, cathartics, antidiarrheals, and antiemetics. Students will learn about the uses, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics of these medications.
