Pharma W9: GI Notebook notes
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the mechanisms by which antacids work to raise stomach pH?

  • Inhibition of serotonin
  • Stimulation of gastric acid secretion
  • Bicarbonate buffering (correct)
  • Increased gastric motility
  • Which of the following is a common side effect associated with aluminum and calcium-based antacids?

  • Constipation (correct)
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Nausea
  • What can result from the overuse of antacids?

  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Reduced absorption of nutrients
  • Increased stomach irritation
  • Metabolic alkalosis (correct)
  • Which of the following antacid preparations contains sodium bicarbonate?

    <p>Alka-Seltzer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from severe metabolic alkalosis caused by excessive antacid use?

    <p>Renal dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Parietal Cells in the gastric gland?

    <p>Secretes HCl to aid in protein breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in the gastric gland secretes mucus?

    <p>Mucous Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Pepsinogen in the gastric gland?

    <p>It transforms into Pepsin in an acidic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT classified as an acid-related disease?

    <p>Gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does bicarbonate secretion originate in relation to stomach function?

    <p>Produced by parietal cells to balance blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of H₂ antagonists in the treatment of hyperacidity conditions?

    <p>Block H₂ receptors on parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should H₂ antagonists be taken in relation to antacids for optimal effectiveness?

    <p>1 hour before taking antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix is commonly associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

    <p>-prazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is commonly given with PPIs for the treatment of H. Pylori infections?

    <p>Clarithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of not using H₂ antagonists correctly in elderly patients?

    <p>Increased stomach acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of laxative absorbs water in the intestine to trigger bowel movements?

    <p>Bulk-forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue can arise from long-term use of stimulant laxatives?

    <p>Dependence on the laxative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laxative type is known to cause water attraction into the bowel by osmosis?

    <p>Hyperosmotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of emollient laxatives?

    <p>Lubricate the stool with water and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laxatives may cause more cramps as a side effect, an issue with Lactulose, which is why is not chosen often and Lax A Day is used instead?

    <p>Hyperosmotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug primarily works by binding to H1 receptors to prevent nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an example of a serotonin blocker used to prevent nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antihistamines prevent nausea and vomiting?

    <p>By inhibiting cholinergic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it recommended to administer prokinetic medication before chemotherapy?

    <p>30-60 minutes before chemo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adsorbents in treating diarrhea?

    <p>Coat the walls of the GI tract and bind to bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended use for probiotics?

    <p>ABX-induced diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contraindication for using antimotility agents?

    <p>Diarrhea caused by bacteria or parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do opiates like loperamide (Imodium) help in managing diarrhea?

    <p>They reduce discomfort and spasms by decreasing bowel motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which caution should be taken when using bismuth subsalicylate?

    <p>It is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for using enteral nutrition?

    <p>To meet the body's nutritional needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the adverse effects associated with enteral nutrition?

    <p>Diarrhea, Dumping syndrome &amp; Aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when administering parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

    <p>A central line must be used for administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient receiving TPN shows signs of hyperglycemia?

    <p>Administer insulin as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about enteral nutrition is true?

    <p>Enteral nutrition is preferred to avoid complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

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