Final exam for Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

Which function in the general adaptation syndrome is incorrect?

  • Increases urine output (correct)
  • Dilates bronchioles
  • Increases availability of glucose
  • Increases blood flow to muscles

    • A patient sustains a laceration of the thigh in an industrial accident. Which step in the inflammatory process is first?

  • Cellular inflammation
  • Exudate formation
  • Tissue regeneration
  • Vascular response (correct)

    • A patient is angry and states, 'I hate this place, nobody knows how to take care of me!' What's the best response?

  • You seem angry; what’s going on that makes you hate this place? (correct)
  • I’m sorry that we aren’t caring for you according to your expectations.
  • You were very sick; don’t be angry; you’re lucky to be alive.
  • You shouldn’t be angry with us; we’re trying to help you.

    • A patient’s nursing diagnosis is 'Diarrhea related to stress.' Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan?

    <p>Encourage the patient to verbalize about stressors and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse caring for a patient with unresolved anger should assess for which associated complication?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A specific response to a traumatic event where the victim experiences anxiety and flashbacks that may last for years is known as which of the following?

    <p>Post-traumatic stress disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is most important to ask a newly admitted patient to effectively incorporate spiritual care in the care plan?

    <p>What are your personal spiritual beliefs?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Your patient may have a fracture or sprain; which is the best intervention?

    <p>Request an order for an x-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a possible barrier for nurses in providing spiritual care?

    <p>Spiritual care is related to end-of-life care; many nurses do not deal with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response is typical during the Rando’s confrontation phase of the grieving process?

    <p>emotional upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with COPD has a living will. As his condition worsens, he asks if he can change his decision; which is the best response?

    <p>“You have the right to change your decision about treatment at any time.”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patient goals is most appropriate when managing a patient dying of cancer? The patient will

    <p>report or demonstrate satisfactory pain control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a stage of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

    <p>Fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for rigor mortis to set in?

    <p>between 2-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are advanced directives?

    <p>Instructions stating patient's wishes should they become unable to communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient who requires long-term rehabilitation needs which type of care?

    <p>Tertiary care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level is this according to Benner: 3 years of experience, identifies abnormalities and understands significance?

    <p>Competent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the United States, which agency is responsible for nurse practice acts enacted by each state?

    <p>State Board of Nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the standards of practice?

    <p>Standards identify the knowledge and skills nurses need to provide care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following qualifies people for Medicaid?

    <p>People with low income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of practical knowledge? Assume all are true.

    <p>When assessing the abdomen, you should auscultate before palpating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of self-knowledge? The nurse thinks, 'I know that I:'

    <p>have religious beliefs that may make it difficult to take care of some patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most important reason for nurses to be critical thinkers?

    <p>Nurses care for clients who have multiple health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critical thinking and the Nursing Process have in common?

    <p>They are both thinking methods used to solve a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms involves the use of critical thinking, nursing knowledge, the Nursing Process, and patient situation?

    <p>full-spectrum nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse obtains the client’s history, vital signs, and listens to breath sounds. Which aspect of the nursing process is this?

    <p>Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in Nondirective interviewing?

    <p>Nurse controls the topics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Droplet transmission occurs when a pathogen travels in water droplets expelled as an infected person coughs or sneezes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C-diff is spread through indirect contact?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of bathing?

    <p>constricts blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inadequate dietary intake can lead to all but which one?

    <p>Increased energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct recommendation for a healthy client asking about exercising?

    <p>150-300 minutes or more per week is recommended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep are known as:

    <p>parasomnias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes well-being during stress?

    <p>endorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aldosterone promotes fluid retention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance best helps you respond during a cardiac arrest?

    <p>epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exhaustion stage has low blood pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes fluid retention?

    <p>antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anxiety can cause physical symptoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What coping mechanism is shown by displacement?

    <p>Transferring emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All phases of a crisis are negative.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves rational thinking in a crisis?

    <p>Adaptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burnout is a sign of success.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of spiritual distress?

    <p>Feeling abandoned by God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advance directives are optional documents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a priority in hospice care?

    <p>patient comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hand hygiene is the most important way to prevent infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of dehydration?

    <p>dark urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phantom pain occurs after amputation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a biological factor influencing health?

    <p>age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spirituality and religion are the same.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority intervention for a patient in crisis?

    <p>Ensure safety of self &amp; patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gastric residual?

    <p>Volume of liquid left in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most accurate way to check the placement of an NG tube?

    <p>Chest X-Ray (CXR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options includes aspects of respiratory data collection?

    <p>O2 saturation, skin color, cough, capillary refill, respiratory effort, rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoxia is?

    <p>inadequate O2 at cellular level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to increase peristalsis postoperatively?

    <p>ambulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of dehiscence?

    <p>Separation of wound edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to pain lasting less than 6 months?

    <p>Acute pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest priority for a patient who is confused, has a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and is post hip surgery?

    <p>Safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse can delegate which of the following tasks to a CNA?

    <p>Checks and releases of restraint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain is felt in the right foot after a right below-the-knee amputation?

    <p>Neuropathic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the expert in determining a patient's pain?

    <p>the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient becomes dizzy, pale, clammy, and nauseated when sitting up from a lying position. What condition do they likely have?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be eliminated to help prevent fluid overload?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is receptive aphasia?

    <p>Difficulty understanding speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper position for an unresponsive patient receiving oral care?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sterile technique is required for which of the following procedures?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should an irregular pulse be counted?

    <p>One full minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pulse that is difficult to feel and easily obliterated with slight pressure is called?

    <p>Thready</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?

    <p>Perform effective hand hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a nurse check patient vital signs instead of assigning the task to a CNA?

    <p>Nurse is concerned something isn't right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse's signature on a patient consent form indicates?

    <p>The nurse has verified the patient signed the form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bone is visible in a decubitus ulcer. What type of wound is this?

    <p>Stage IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the step of the nursing process that involves obtaining health history and conducting a head to toe assessment?

    <p>Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis?

    <p>Ineffective airway clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of an open-ended question is?

    <p>&quot;What does the pain feel like?&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Removing poisonous substances through gastric intubation is called?

    <p>lavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flow of oxygen is measured in?

    <p>liters per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a simple carbohydrate is?

    <p>Fruit juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a new order for a 24-hour urine collection, what is the best action for the nurse to take?

    <p>Instruct the patient to void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient dribbles urine when coughing or sneezing. This type of incontinence is called?

    <p>stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an appropriate intervention for a patient with suspected renal calculi?

    <p>Straining all urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Best diet to avoid fluid overload is a diet low in?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a hypotonic solution is?

    <p>0.45% saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last sense to leave a dying patient?

    <p>Hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bacteria that exist without oxygen?

    <p>Anaerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix 'emia' mean?

    <p>Pertaining to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix 'itis' mean?

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ectomy' mean?

    <p>Removal of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'trans' mean?

    <p>across, through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an area of collapsed lung tissue called?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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