Exercise and Physical Fitness
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of exercise?

  • To utilize ATP
  • To stimulate the brain
  • To move the body
  • To improve or maintain the physical fitness of the body (correct)

    • What initiates exercise in the body?

  • The Central Command of the brain (correct)
  • The motor cortex
  • The lungs
  • The heart

    • What is the result of vagal withdrawal during exercise?

  • Increased heart rate (correct)
  • Decreased heart rate
  • Decreased respiratory rate
  • Increased sympathetic response

    • What is the role of the motor cortex during exercise?

    <p>To send impulses to the autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the feedforward mechanism during exercise?

    <p>To anticipate exercise and send signals to the heart and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exercise on the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peripheral sensors during exercise?

    <p>To monitor changes in blood pressure, PCO2, H+, and metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased sympathetic response during exercise?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of exercise?

    <p>Any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of ATP resynthesis in the Phosphocreatine system?

    <p>4 ATP/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the reconstitution of Glycogen-Lactic acid system?

    <p>High-carbohydrate diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a high-carbohydrate diet during recovery?

    <p>To replenish glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take to replenish glycogen with a high-carbohydrate diet?

    <p>2-3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lactic acid during recovery?

    <p>It is removed through blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of muscle blood flow during exercise?

    <p>To affect venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation for athletes before a high-intensity event?

    <p>No grueling activities 48 hours prior to the event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP are synthesized in the Phosphocreatine system?

    <p>2-40 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of ATP during high-intensity exercises?

    <p>Phosphocreatine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the adaptive and innate immunity during a marathon race?

    <p>They have negative changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of regular moderate intensity exercise on upper respiratory infection?

    <p>Decreased incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to inflammatory biomarkers during intense training?

    <p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exercise on immunosenescence?

    <p>It delays its onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of regular exercise training on systemic inflammation?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exercise on vaccination response?

    <p>It enhances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of intense exercise on the body?

    <p>It leads to catabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of regular exercise on T cell proliferation?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exercise on phagocytic activity and cytotoxic activity of leukocytes and NK cells?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two physiologic determinants of Mean Arterial Pressure?

    <p>Cardiac output and Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cardiac output and VO2 Max during exercise?

    <p>Cardiac output increases in a linear pattern to meet VO2 Max</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing venous return through exercise on cardiac output?

    <p>It increases cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the influence of Parasympathetic and Sympathetic activity on Heart rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic activity decreases Heart rate, while Sympathetic activity increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing Stroke volume on cardiac output?

    <p>It increases cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption during exercise?

    <p>Cardiac output and oxygen consumption are directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing Inotropy on cardiac output?

    <p>It increases cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing Preload on Stroke volume?

    <p>It increases Stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the VO2max of a trained individual in Figure 18?

    <p>60 mL/kg/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of skeletal muscle compression on blood vessels during exercise?

    <p>It increases venous return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sympathetic activity on venous compliance during exercise?

    <p>It decreases venous compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thoraco-abdominal pump on venous return during exercise?

    <p>It increases venous return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to capacitance when there is sympathetic innervation of veins during exercise?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of isometric exercise on blood flow?

    <p>It decreases blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of anaerobic metabolism during isometric exercise?

    <p>It increases lactic acid accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased ADP/ATP ratio on muscle function during isometric exercise?

    <p>It makes muscles prone to fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chronic effect of isometric exercise on the heart?

    <p>It increases heart wall thickness and normal volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of dynamic exercise on mean arterial blood pressure?

    <p>It increases mean arterial blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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