Coronary Artery Disease and Arteriosclerosis Quiz

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What is the most common cause of death in the first hour after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Cardiac rupture

Ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation (correct)

Congestive heart failure

Cardiogenic shock

Which of the following can cause cardiac conduction irregularities after an MI?

Increased potassium release from damaged cells

Inflammation spreading to the conduction pathway

Cocaine use

All of the above (correct)

What is the most common complication of an MI that occurs days or weeks later when activity is resumed?

Congestive heart failure (correct)

Cardiac rupture

Cardiogenic shock

Ventricular arrhythmia

Which of the following is a rare complication of an MI?

Thromboembolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mortality rate in the first year after an MI?

30-40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of lipids or fats in atherosclerosis?

They play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis mentioned in the text?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of myocardial infarction (heart attack) according to the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, also known as the 'widow-maker'?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the most specific diagnostic test for myocardial infarction (heart attack) mentioned in the text?

Serum levels of myosin and cardiac troponin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main problem associated with coronary artery disease?

Damage to heart muscle due to insufficient oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes atherosclerosis?

Formation of plaques in the walls of large arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is the leading cause of death in both women and men in the USA?

Coronary artery disease Signup and view all the answers

Where are atheromas most likely to form?

At bifurcation points of large arteries due to turbulent blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by diffuse ischemia and necrosis of tissues like the kidney, brain, or heart?

Arteriosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure?

Inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs Signup and view all the answers

Which side of the heart typically fails first in congestive heart failure?

The left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which compensation mechanism in congestive heart failure can aggravate the condition?

Increased vasoconstriction and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What structural changes occur in the heart during congestive heart failure?

The chambers of the heart tend to enlarge (dilate), and the cardiac muscle becomes hypertrophied Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in congestive heart failure?

The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and peripheral resistance, decreasing the efficiency of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an atrial heart rate of 160-350 BPM?

Atrial flutter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for atrial fibrillation?

Anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a condition where there is no transmission of impulses from the atria to the ventricles?

Third-degree heart block Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a condition where interference with conduction in one of the bundle branches occurs, without altering cardiac output?

Bundle branch block Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a condition where muscle fibers contract independently and rapidly, causing ineffective ejection of blood?

Ventricular fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) mentioned in the text?

Coronary artery disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'forward' effect associated with CHF?

Decreased cardiac output leading to reduced blood supply to tissues and organs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of right-sided heart failure?

Hepatomegaly and ascites Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated incidence of congenital heart defects mentioned in the text?

8 out of 1000 babies Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to right-sided heart failure according to the passage?

Pulmonary disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a left to right shunt?

Blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side, and then to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a right to left shunt?

Deoxygenated blood bypasses the lungs and enters the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD)?

It causes a left to right shunt, reducing stroke volume and cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with valvular defects?

They reduce the efficiency of the heart's pumping action and stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the surgical procedure to treat aortic valve stenosis?

To replace the aortic valve with a mechanical, animal or tissue engineered valve Signup and view all the answers

How often do the animal valves (porcine or bovine) used to replace the aortic valve need to be replaced?

Every 10 to 12 years Signup and view all the answers

What medication must patients take after aortic valve replacement surgery?

Warfarin or Coumadin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of the Tetralogy of Fallot that leads to cyanosis (bluish skin) in babies?

Pulmonary valve stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary surgical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?

Closing the VSD and repairing the pulmonary valve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary or essential hypertension?

It is consistently over 140/90 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups has a higher prevalence and earlier onset of hypertension?

African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of treatment for hypertension according to the text?

Lifestyle changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe hypertension that is extremely high and a true medical emergency?

Malignant or resistant hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the key sign of hypertension according to the text?

Consistently elevated blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Coronary Artery Disease and Arteriosclerosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of death in the first hour after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Which of the following can cause cardiac conduction irregularities after an MI?

What is the most common complication of an MI that occurs days or weeks later when activity is resumed?

Which of the following is a rare complication of an MI?

What is the approximate mortality rate in the first year after an MI?

What is the main role of lipids or fats in atherosclerosis?

Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis mentioned in the text?

What is the main cause of myocardial infarction (heart attack) according to the text?

What is the function of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, also known as the 'widow-maker'?

What is the most specific diagnostic test for myocardial infarction (heart attack) mentioned in the text?

What is the main problem associated with coronary artery disease?

Which of the following best describes atherosclerosis?

Which condition is the leading cause of death in both women and men in the USA?

Where are atheromas most likely to form?

Which condition is characterized by diffuse ischemia and necrosis of tissues like the kidney, brain, or heart?

What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure?

Which side of the heart typically fails first in congestive heart failure?

Which compensation mechanism in congestive heart failure can aggravate the condition?

What structural changes occur in the heart during congestive heart failure?

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in congestive heart failure?

What is the term used to describe an atrial heart rate of 160-350 BPM?

What is the primary treatment for atrial fibrillation?

What is the term used to describe a condition where there is no transmission of impulses from the atria to the ventricles?

What is the term used to describe a condition where interference with conduction in one of the bundle branches occurs, without altering cardiac output?

What is the term used to describe a condition where muscle fibers contract independently and rapidly, causing ineffective ejection of blood?

What is the main cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) mentioned in the text?

What is the 'forward' effect associated with CHF?

Which of the following is a sign of right-sided heart failure?

What is the estimated incidence of congenital heart defects mentioned in the text?

Which condition can lead to right-sided heart failure according to the passage?

What is a left to right shunt?

What is the main consequence of a right to left shunt?

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

What is the primary effect of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD)?

What is the primary concern with valvular defects?

What is the main purpose of the surgical procedure to treat aortic valve stenosis?

How often do the animal valves (porcine or bovine) used to replace the aortic valve need to be replaced?

What medication must patients take after aortic valve replacement surgery?

What is the main feature of the Tetralogy of Fallot that leads to cyanosis (bluish skin) in babies?

What is the primary surgical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary or essential hypertension?

Which of the following groups has a higher prevalence and earlier onset of hypertension?

What is the first line of treatment for hypertension according to the text?

What is the term used to describe hypertension that is extremely high and a true medical emergency?

What is the key sign of hypertension according to the text?

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