Coronary Artery Disease and Arteriosclerosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which atrial arrhythmia is characterized by a heart rate of over 350 BPM?

  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Ventricular tachycardia
  • Atrial flutter
  • Atrial fibrillation (correct)

    • What is the term used when conduction is excessively delayed or stopped at the AV node or Bundle of His?

  • Bundle branch block
  • Atrial flutter
  • First-degree block (correct)
  • Ventricular fibrillation

    • What device may be required for serious life-threatening dysrhythmias?

  • AED (Automatic Electric Defibrillator) (correct)
  • Pacemaker
  • Antiarrhythmic drugs
  • Beta blockers

    • Which type of arrhythmia causes muscle fibers to contract independently and rapidly, leading to contractions ceasing?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes a third-degree heart block different from a partial block?

    <p>Absence of transmission of impulses from atria to ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with coronary artery disease?

    <p>Insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about arteriosclerosis is correct?

    <p>It primarily affects small arteries and arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do atheromas typically form in the context of atherosclerosis?

    <p>In the walls of large arteries, particularly at bifurcation points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the leading cause of death in both women and men in the USA?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?

    <p>Arteriosclerosis involves hardening of arterial walls, while atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure?

    <p>Increased demands on the heart due to hypertension or lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart typically fails first in congestive heart failure?

    <p>The left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary compensation mechanism that the body uses to maintain cardiac output in congestive heart failure?

    <p>Increased renin and aldosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural changes occur in the heart during congestive heart failure?

    <p>The heart chambers dilate and the cardiac muscle becomes hypertrophied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart in congestive heart failure?

    <p>It increases heart rate and peripheral resistance, decreasing the heart's efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of sudden death in patients after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

    <p>Ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can interfere with the normal conduction of electrical impulses in the heart?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about bradycardia is true?

    <p>It is a regular but slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of dysrhythmia leading to hospital admissions?

    <p>Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible mechanism for premature atrial contractions (PACs)?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of lipids or fats in atherosclerosis?

    <p>They play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hypercholesterolemia?

    <p>Genetic factors that lead to fewer LDL receptors than normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main diagnostic test used to detect a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of a heart attack in women?

    <p>Chest pain or discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a high CRP (C-reactive protein) level in a heart attack?

    <p>It indicates a more severe inflammatory response, making plaque rupture and thrombus formation more likely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of decreased cardiac output in congestive heart failure?

    <p>Decreased supply of nutrients and oxygen to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does left-sided congestive heart failure lead to pulmonary congestion?

    <p>Impaired pumping of blood into the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does essential hypertension have on the left ventricle in congestive heart failure?

    <p>Causes hypertrophy and eventual failure of the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does right-sided congestive heart failure occur in individuals with pulmonary disease?

    <p>Increased workload for right ventricle due to pulmonary resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common signs of right-sided heart failure and systemic backup in congestive heart failure?

    <p>Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and digestive disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of a left-to-right shunt?

    <p>Increased pulmonary circulation volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of cyanotic conditions?

    <p>Venous blood mixing with arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main compensation mechanism in response to a heart defect?

    <p>Increased cardiac contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of a large congenital heart defect?

    <p>Reduced growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common treatment for congenital heart defects?

    <p>Surgical repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for aortic valve stenosis?

    <p>Surgical replacement of the aortic valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do patients with a replaced aortic valve typically need to have it replaced again?

    <p>Every 10-12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication do patients with a replaced aortic valve typically need to take?

    <p>Warfarin or Coumadin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of animal valve used to replace an aortic valve?

    <p>Porcine (pig) valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Narrowing of the pulmonary valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary surgical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Surgical repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of adults are considered pre-hypertensive?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has the highest prevalence and earliest onset of hypertension?

    <p>African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for hypertension?

    <p>Lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe hypertension that is extremely high and life-threatening?

    <p>Malignant hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

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