Clinical Immunology & Serology CLS 311

Questions and Answers

To differentiate self from non-self antigens (correct)

To regulate temperature

To produce energy for the body

To process nutrients

A type of white blood cell

A soluble protein that mediates inflammation

A foreign substance recognized by the immune system (correct)

A protein produced by B cells

Forming structural components of cells

Mediating immune and inflammatory reactions (correct)

Breaking down pathogens

Transporting oxygen in the blood

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Cell-surface molecules involved in antigen recognition Signup and view all the answers

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

Infection and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

A series of membrane-associated proteins that defend against microbes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunology studies the immune system's responses to infections, tissue damage, and diseases.
Involves understanding various branches and components of the immune system.

Cytokines: Soluble proteins mediating immune and inflammatory reactions; facilitate communication among leukocytes and other cells through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions.
Complement System: Group of circulating and membrane-associated proteins essential for defense against microbes; includes Classical, Alternative, and Lectin pathways.

Inflammation: Tissue reaction delivering mediators of host defense and cells to infection sites and tissue damage.
Acute Phase Proteins: Proteins whose concentrations change in response to inflammation (e.g., C-Reactive Protein is a positive acute-phase protein).

Antigen: Foreign substance, typically a protein or carbohydrate, recognized by the immune system.
Antibody (Immunoglobulin): Protein produced by B cells that binds to antigens during an immune response; can be monoclonal or polyclonal.

Immunogenicity: The ability of a molecule to induce an immune response; immunogens are specific types of antigens that elicit significant responses.

MHC System: Genes coding for cell-surface molecules crucial for antigen recognition; consists of Class I and Class II molecules.

Primary Lymphoid Organs (Generative):
- Bone Marrow (BM): Site of blood cell production, including leukocytes.
- Thymus: Site for T cell maturation.
- Foetal Liver: Important in early development of the immune system.
Secondary Lymphoid Organs (Peripheral):
- Spleen: Filters blood and facilitates immune responses.
- Lymph Nodes: Filter lymph fluid and house lymphocytes for immune response.

White Blood Cells (WBCs): Also known as leukocytes, play essential roles in the immune response.

Cellular Immunity: Involves T cells and focuses on attacking infected cells directly.
Humoral Immunity: Involves B cells and focuses on producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens.