29 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of autoimmunity?
The body's immune response against its own healthy cells and tissues
What is the main target of the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis?
The synovial membranes and articular structures of multiple joints
Which gender is more commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Women
What is the primary cause of the disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis?
Chronic inflammation and joint damage
What is the most challenging aspect of treating autoimmune diseases?
The lack of understanding of the exact causes
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis?
Gradual joint deformity and ankylosis
What is the role of sex hormones in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
They may play a role in the disproportionate number of females affected by RA
Which of the following viruses has been suggested to induce Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Epstein Barr virus
What immunological response leads to Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Response to an unknown antigen within the joint
Which molecules are associated with RA risk due to their genetic influence?
HLA-DR beta 0401, 0404, or 0405 molecules
What is the primary function of proinflammatory cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
To activate osteoclasts and chondrocytes
Which hormone may be a risk factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Prolactin hormone
Which symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is associated with nodules under the skin?
Nodules under the skin
What characteristic makes Mycoplasma bacteria naturally resistant to certain antibiotics?
Absence of peptidoglycan
Which factor increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis according to the text?
Genotype (HLA-DR4)
What is the major role of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) in disease and immune defense?
Differentiating between self and non-self
Which symptom of rheumatoid arthritis involves inflammation around the heart causing chest pain?
Chest Pericarditis
Which of the following is a key cytokine produced by chondrocytes that contributes to the harmful cycle in rheumatoid arthritis?
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
What is the primary function of rheumatoid factors produced by B cells in rheumatoid arthritis?
Stimulation of complement activation through immune complexes
Which of the following cytokines is primarily responsible for increased proliferation and activation of fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis?
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour
What is the primary role of T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Activation of B cells to produce rheumatoid factors
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis?
Joints on both sides of the body are equally affected
Which of the following is NOT a proinflammatory cytokine mentioned in the text?
Interferon-gamma
What is the primary function of GM-CSF according to the text?
Affecting more cell types, especially macrophages and eosinophils
Which of the following statements about fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is NOT true according to the text?
FGF is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and monocytes
What is the primary function of TNF-α according to the text?
Leading to necrosis or apoptosis within cells
Which of the following statements about IL-1 is true according to the text?
It regulates immune responses by activating lymphocytes and mediates biological processes associated with infection and inflammation
Which of the following cells are NOT mentioned as sources of the proinflammatory cytokines?
Neutrophils
Learn about autoimmunity, the system of immune responses against an organism's own healthy cells and tissues. Understand how the body develops intolerance to its own antigens, leading to diseases characterized by specific immune responses against self-tissues.
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