Overview of Immunology I.pdf

Clinical Immunology & Serology CLS 311 Mr. Abdullah Abdali CLS Lecturer MS.c in Immunology and Immunotherapy Outline Overview of Immunology I (CLS 224)  Definition  Branch of Immune system  Cells of Immune system  Immunotherapy  Immunology Immunology...

Clinical Immunology & Serology CLS 311 Mr. Abdullah Abdali CLS Lecturer MS.c in Immunology and Immunotherapy Outline Overview of Immunology I (CLS 224)  Definition  Branch of Immune system  Cells of Immune system  Immunotherapy  Immunology Immunology: Is the study of the immune system including its responses and roles to infection, damaged tissues and diseases. Cytokines: are soluble proteins that mediate immune and inflammatory reactions and are responsible of for communications between leukocytes and between leukocytes and other cells. (autocrine action, paracrine action, Endocrine) o Complement system: Is a collection of circulating and membrane associated proteins that are important in defense against microbes. (Classical Pathway Alternative Pathway, and Lectin Pathway)  Inflammation: Is a tissue reaction that delivery mediators of host defense - circulating cells and proteins to sites of infection and tissue damage. Acute Phase Proteins: are a class of proteins whose concentrations in blood plasma either increase (positive acute-phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute-phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction. (ex: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Antigen: a foreign substance, usually a protein or carbohydrate, that can be recognized by the immune system. Antibody (or immunoglobulin): protein produced by B cells which binds antigen in an immune response. (monoclonal and polyclonal)  Immunogenicity: is the ability of a given molecule to induce an immune response. (Ex. immunogen and antigen) MHC system: is a system of genes that code for cell-surface molecules that play an important role in antigen recognition. (class I and class II) Organs of the Immune system: Primary lymphoid organs (Generative) Bone marrow (BM) Thymus Foetal liver Secondary Lymphoid organs (peripheral) Spleen Lymph nodes Function of the immune system Differentiate self from non-self antigen (any substance that is specifically recognised by lymphocytes or antibodies). Therefore, it is a recognition system. Defend body against foreign substances (invaders). The immune system performs its functions through two major components: Two major components of the immune system White blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes Two arms of Adaptive Immunity: Cellular (cell-mediated) Immunity Humoral (antibody-mediated) Immunity. Primary and Secondary Immune Response Immunotherapy Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy: Uses a monoclonal antibody that binds mono-specifically to certain cells or proteins Bispecific Antibody (BsAb) therapy: Are antibodies designed to have two antigen binding sites directed to two different epitopes of the same antigens Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy (CAR T cell therapy): T cells are taken from the patient's blood and are changed in the lab by adding a gene for a receptor Thank You