Classical and Operant Conditioning Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of classical conditioning?

Learning through association. (correct)

Learning through observation.

Learning through consequences.

Learning through reinforcement.

Which psychologist is associated with operant conditioning?

B.F. Skinner (correct)

Alfred Bandura

Sigmund Freud

Ivan Pavlov

Which of the following is an example of social learning theory in practice?

A child raising their hand after observing another child being praised. (correct)

Wearing a lucky shirt for a sports game.

Studying for an exam and achieving a high grade.

Feeling sick after eating a specific food.

What is an example of a consequence in operant conditioning?

A dog learns to sit by being given a treat. Signup and view all the answers

What does the social learning theory suggest about learning behaviors?

Behaviors can be learned through imitation and observation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects a key difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning is based on association, whereas operant conditioning focuses on consequences. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Developed by Ivan Pavlov in 1927, a Soviet neurologist.
Describes learning through association between stimuli.
Associations formed can be either positive (pleasant) or negative (unpleasant).
Seen in daily life; examples include aversions to certain foods or preferences for specific music.

Operant Conditioning

Created by B.F. Skinner in 1953, a Harvard psychologist.
Involves learning through the consequences of a person's actions.
Consequences can be positive (rewards) or negative (punishments).
Applications include academic contexts, like test preparation leading to success, and superstitions, where specific rituals are believed to influence outcomes (e.g. lucky shirts).

Established by Albert Bandura in 1977, a Stanford psychologist.
Emphasizes learning through observation, modeling behavior, and imitation.
Acquired behaviors can manifest positively or negatively.
Seen in classroom dynamics; for instance, a student may raise their hand to answer because they observed others receiving praise or may refrain due to prior negative feedback.

Description

Explore the foundational concepts of classical and operant conditioning as formulated by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner. This quiz provides insights into how these learning theories explain behavior through associations and consequences. Understand their significance in both academic settings and everyday life.