Ciprofloxacin and Adverse Effects Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for taking Hydrochlorothiazide in the morning?

To avoid nocturia (correct)

To minimize potassium loss

To enhance the absorption rate

To reduce gastrointestinal discomfort

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of corticosteroids?

Elevated potassium levels

Hypotension

Dehydration

Hyperglycemia (correct)

What is the priority nursing action for a patient experiencing a penicillin reaction?

Monitor vital signs only

Administer antihistamines

Give oral steroids

Stop the infusion immediately (correct)

What should be avoided with Ginkgo Biloba due to potential drug interactions?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with Vancomycin usage?

MRSA infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consideration when administering Methotrexate?

It requires monitoring of CBC and liver function Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for a patient taking Phenytoin?

Therapeutic levels must be maintained between 10-20 mcg/mL Signup and view all the answers

How should enteric-coated aspirin be administered?

Swallowed whole without chewing Signup and view all the answers

What common adverse effect is associated with Ciprofloxacin?

Tendon rupture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can lead to GI upset as a side effect?

Hydroxychloroquine Signup and view all the answers

What should be reported immediately when taking Ciprofloxacin?

Tendon pain, swelling & redness Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Colchicine?

Bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adverse effect of Hydroxychloroquine?

Retinal damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can cause hypersensitivity reactions?

Sulfonamides (Bactrim) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary advice is given for patients taking Ciprofloxacin?

Avoid sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which medication has the side effect of causing tachycardia?

Diphenhydramine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ciprofloxacin Complications

Adverse Effects: Tendon rupture, photosensitivity, gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), superinfections (e.g., thrush, vaginal yeast).
Client Education: Avoid sun exposure, use sunscreen and protective clothing. Take with water and food, avoiding dairy and antacids (6 hours before or 2 hours after). Report any tendon pain, swelling, or redness immediately. Watch for cottage cheese/curd-like lesions in the mouth or genital area. Stop medication and report any concerning symptoms to the provider.

Adverse Effects and Side Effects

Colchicine: Gastrointestinal upset (abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain), suppressed bone marrow.
Furosemide: Hypokalemia, ototoxicity, dehydration (low electrolytes), hypotension, decreased HDL and increased LDL/triglycerides.
Hydroxychloroquine: Retinal damage (blindness), hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, skin rash.
Cephalexin: Allergic reaction (rash, hypotension, urticaria, dyspnea), pain at injection site, pseudomembranous colitis, renal insufficiency, gastrointestinal upset.
Diazepam: Central nervous system depression, physical dependence, paradoxical response, acute toxicity, respiratory depression.
IV Rifampin: Hepatotoxicity (jaundice, anorexia, fatigue), orange-red body fluids, gastrointestinal upset, pseudomembranous colitis.
Ondansetron: Headache, diarrhea, dizziness, QT prolongation.
Sulfonamides (Bactrim): Hypersensitivity (rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome), blood dyscrasias, hyperkalemia, kernicterus, crystalluria.
Chemotherapy: Nausea, vomiting, alopecia, bone marrow suppression, mucositis.
Nitroglycerin: Headache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, tolerance.
Aluminum hydroxide: Constipation/diarrhea, fluid retention, alkalosis, toxicity (hypermagnesemia), phosphate depletion.
Lactulose: Dehydration, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance.
Diphenhydramine: Sedation, constipation, dry mouth, seizures, urinary retention, hallucinations, incoordination, tachycardia, pupil dilation.

Gout Medications

Allopurinol: For chronic gout management; adverse effects include rash, fever, gastrointestinal upset, kidney injury, liver injury, possible increased acute attack frequency.
Colchicine: For acute gout attacks; adverse effects include gastrointestinal distress, rhabdomyolysis, bone marrow suppression.

Hydrochlorothiazide Administration

Take in the morning to avoid nocturia; if twice daily, take before 2 PM.
Weigh daily; report weight gain exceeding 3 pounds to provider.
Consume potassium-rich foods, monitor potassium levels.
Take with food or after meals if gastrointestinal upset occurs.
Maintain adequate hydration (1500 mL daily).

Corticosteroids

Therapeutic Effects: Reduce inflammation/pain, suppress immune response, delay disease progression.
Adverse Effects: Hyperglycemia, weight gain, increased infection risk, fluid retention, hypokalemia, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal discomfort/ulcers, adrenal insufficiency.

Lisinopril Priority Findings

Monitor for angioedema (swelling of lips/tongue).
Check blood pressure and potassium levels.

Penicillin Reaction

Priority Action: Stop infusion immediately, assess airway, administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis.

Drug-to-Drug Interactions

Ginkgo Biloba: Interferes with coagulation medications (e.g., heparin, warfarin, NSAIDs), medications lowering seizure threshold (e.g., antihistamines, certain antidepressants, antipsychotics).
St. John's Wort: Decreases effectiveness of various medications (e.g., birth control, cyclosporine, warfarin, digoxin, calcium channel blockers, steroids), may increase risk of serotonin syndrome with antidepressants or other drugs (e.g., amphetamines, cocaine).
Cephalexin & Penicillin Allergy: Cross-sensitivity is possible; use with caution. Do not use cephalexin if a person has a penicillin allergy and vice-versa.

Vancomycin

Indications: Treats methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
Monitoring: Monitor peak (30-60 minutes after infusion) and trough (before next dose) levels, renal function (creatine, BUN, I&O).

Glucosamine

Purpose: Supports joint health and osteoarthritis.
Mechanism: Stimulates cartilage and synovial fluid production.

Methotrexate Nursing Actions

Monitor complete blood count (CBC), liver/kidney function (watch for anorexia, jaundice, abdominal fullness), gastrointestinal ulcers (check mouth for signs of bleeding).
Educate on infection prevention; take folic acid to reduce gastrointestinal and hepatotoxicity. Avoid use during pregnancy. Use a soft toothbrush; avoid alcohol.

Phenytoin

Instructions: Take at the same time daily; maintain therapeutic range (10–20 mcg/mL); strict adherence to prescribed regimen; dosage is individualized (starting with multiple pills per day, then transitioning to a single dose).
Purpose: Controls seizures.

Enteric-Coated Aspirin

Instructions: Swallow whole; do not crush or chew.

Digoxin Toxicity

Priority Action: Hold the medication if heart rate is low.

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Description

This quiz covers the complications and adverse effects associated with Ciprofloxacin and other medications such as Colchicine, Furosemide, and Hydroxychloroquine. Learn about the key side effects, client education, and important precautions necessary when administering these drugs. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals seeking a refresher.