Questions and Answers
What is the generic name of Ciprofloxacin?
Which of the following is NOT a trade name for Ciprofloxacin?
What classification does Ciprofloxacin belong to?
Quinolone antibiotic
What are the available tablet strengths of Ciprofloxacin?
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What is the action of Ciprofloxacin?
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Which of the following is a primary use of Ciprofloxacin?
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Ciprofloxacin can be used for treating viral infections.
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Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for Ciprofloxacin?
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Name one common adverse effect of Ciprofloxacin.
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Ciprofloxacin should be discontinued if there is tendon ______.
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What should be monitored in patients receiving high doses of Ciprofloxacin?
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Study Notes
Ciprofloxacin Overview
- Generic Name: Ciprofloxacin
- Trade Names: Cetraxal, Cipro, Cipro IV, Cipro XR, Proquin XR
Classification and Formulations
- Classification: Quinolone antibiotic
- Available Forms:
- Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg; 500 mg extended release
- Suspensions: 500 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL
- Injections: 200 mg, 400 mg
- Ophthalmic Solution: 3.5 mg/mL
- Otic Drops: 0.2%
Mechanism of Action
- Functions as a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent.
- Inhibits DNA gyrase, essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, recombination, and transposition.
Clinical Uses
- Treats a variety of infections, including:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Bone and joint infections
- Gastrointestinal infections (infectious diarrhea)
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- Nosocomial pneumonia
- Acute sinusitis
- Post-exposure prophylaxis for anthrax.
- Ophthalmic uses: Corneal ulcers, bacterial conjunctivitis.
- Otic uses: Otitis externa.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
- Presence of syphilis or viral infections.
- History of myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, tendon issues, or lactation.
Adverse Effects
- Central Nervous System: Vertigo, headache, malaise, peripheral neuropathy, seizures.
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, pseudomembranous colitis, cramps, diarrhea.
- Musculoskeletal: Risk of tendon rupture, cartilage erosion.
- Metabolic: Increased liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, eosinophilia.
- Skin Reactions: Rash, pain, burning, pruritis, erythema at infusion site, photosensitivity.
- Special Senses: Local burning, crystalline precipitate in cornea, lid margin crusting, foreign body sensation, conjunctival hyperemia.
Nursing Implications
- Monitor and report any tendon inflammation or pain; discontinue if observed.
- Perform culture and sensitivity tests before initial administration.
- Ensure urine pH is below 6.8 to minimize crystalluria risk, especially in older patients and those on high doses.
- Monitor input/output ratios and ensure adequate hydration.
- Check plasma theophylline levels due to potential drug interactions affecting half-life.
- Assess for signs of gastrointestinal irritation, particularly in patients on high doses or older adults.
- Monitor prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) in patients on coumarin therapy.
- Watch for signs and symptoms indicating superinfections.
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Description
Explore the essential details of Ciprofloxacin, a widely used quinolone antibiotic. This quiz covers its classifications, formulations, mechanism of action, and various clinical applications for treating infections. Test your knowledge on this important medication and its uses in healthcare.
