Child Development Erikson Flashcards

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is Piaget's phase for ages 2-7?

Preoperational Phase

The Preoperational Phase is divided into two phases: and .

Preconceptual phase, Intuitive phase

What are the ages for the preconceptual phase in Piaget's theory?

4-7

2-4 (correct)

0-2

7-10

What are the ages for the intuitive phase in Piaget's theory?

4-7 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major transitions between Piaget's Preconceptual phase and the intuitive phase?

The shift from total egocentric thought to social awareness and the ability to consider others' viewpoints. Signup and view all the answers

What ages does Piaget's Preoperational phase cover?

Approximately 2 years of age to 7 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is Psychosocial Development according to Erikson?

Trust vs. Mistrust Signup and view all the answers

What actions help in acquiring trust according to Erikson?

Being fed on time, consistent responses, communication, care, love, touch, and eye contact. Signup and view all the answers

How many phases are in Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust and what are they?

3 phases: Oral, Grasping, Biting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase in Erikson's model?

Oral Phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the second phase in Erikson's model?

Grasping Phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the third phase in Erikson's model?

Biting Phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is Piaget's Cognitive Development stage for birth to 24 months?

Sensorimotor Stage. Signup and view all the answers

How many phases are in Piaget's Cognitive Development?

<ol start="6"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to mistrust according to Erikson?

Failure to learn delayed gratification. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important social activity a baby encounters during the first 3-4 months according to Erikson?

Food intake. Signup and view all the answers

What is at its height in a newborn, according to Erikson?

Narcissism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reciprocal response to the infant's grasping?

The parents holding or touching. Signup and view all the answers

What is the progression in Piaget's sensorimotor phases?

From reflexive behaviors to simple repetitive acts to imitative activities. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three crucial events that take place during Piaget's sensorimotor phase?

<ol> <li>Separation from objects, 2. Object permanence, 3. Use of symbols.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do babies usually begin crawling according to Piaget?

9 months. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do babies usually start walking according to Piaget?

12 months. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended sleep/rest requirement for babies?

12-22 hours/day. Signup and view all the answers

How should juices be diluted for infants?

1/3 juice and 2/3 water Signup and view all the answers

Should infants be allowed to play by themselves?

False Signup and view all the answers

Why is microwaving a bottle and baby food not recommended?

Uneven heating which may cause burns to the mouth and tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major health concerns in infants?

Failure to Thrive and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

Trust vs. Mistrust is a crucial period for infants, focusing on extreme growth and development.
Trust is established through consistent actions like timely feeding, responsive care to cries, and physical affection.
Three phases of Trust vs. Mistrust: Oral, Grasping, and Biting.
Oral Phase emphasizes food intake, where behavior is egocentric and frustration tolerance is low.
Grasping Phase highlights the importance of tactile stimulation in building trust.
Biting Phase reflects the infant's efforts to control their environment and mitigate teething pain.

Cognitive Development (Piaget)

Piaget's Cognitive Development includes six phases, beginning with the Sensory Motor Stage (birth to 24 months).
Infants transition from reflexive to simple repetitive acts, and finally to imitative activities during sensorimotor development.
Key events in the sensorimotor phase: self-identification, object permanence, and symbolic thought development.
First Stage in Piaget's theory uses reflexes to express individuality.
Primary Circular Reactions develop voluntary behaviors and environmental interaction from 1-4 months.
Secondary Circular Reactions occur from 4-8 months, introducing object permanence and solitary play.
Coordination of Secondary Schemes (9-12 months) leads to increased motor skills and anticipation of events.
Intellectual reasoning emerges during the fourth stage of cognitive development.

Physical Development

Weight doubles by six months and triples by one year; rapid growth occurs in the first six months (5-7 oz. weekly).
Height increases by 1 inch per month for the first six months, leading to a 50% increase in length by age one.
Baby's respiratory system functions through abdominal breathing.
Newborn heart rates are irregular but are considered normal, while iron storages decrease over time.
Major gastrointestinal processes begin by three months; drooling indicates active saliva production.
The renal system remains immature until around two years of age.

Nutritional Needs

The first six months require breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, with weaning dependent on the infant's readiness.
Solid food introduction occurs in the second six months; head control and GI maturity are essential.
Rice cereal is advisable before six months due to lower allergy risk.
Cow's milk, egg whites, and honey should be introduced after one year to avoid allergies.

Babies initially attach to their primary caregiver, typically the mother.
Separation anxiety appears around six months; stranger fear develops by eight months.
Solitary play begins, but interacting with others is crucial for developing various skills.
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) can arise from inadequate attachment.

Developmental Tasks of Toddlers

The toddler stage (ages 1-3) involves autonomy vs. shame and doubt; caregivers should offer choices to support autonomy.
Key psychological developmental tasks include differentiating self from others, tolerating separation, and mastering social communication.

Play and Interaction

Play enhances motor skills, language, creativity, and cognitive development; solitary play is not recommended.
Auditory, tactile, visual, and kinetic toys should be age-appropriate, focusing on sensory engagement.

Safety and Health

Safety concerns involve prevention strategies for choking, falls, and electrical hazards.
Pediatric visits start from one week old, continuing with regular check-ups until yearly visits after 24 months.
Colic, or paroxysmal abdominal pain, can often be alleviated by techniques like burping and leg pumping.

Immunizations and Sleep Needs

Immunizations vary, including live attenuated, inactivated, or toxoid vaccines.
Infants need 12-22 hours of sleep per day, with REM sleep constituting about 20-30% post four months.

Faith Development (Fowler)

Fowler's stages of faith development range from undifferentiated in infancy to individual-reflexive in adolescence.
Spiritual development progresses alongside overall psychosocial growth, influenced by familial and social context.

Piaget's Stages Overview

Preoperational Phase (ages 2-7) is split into Preconceptual (2-4 years) and Intuitive (4-7 years) phases, marked by imaginative thinking and social awareness shifts, respectively.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore key concepts of psychosocial development as proposed by Erik Erikson. This quiz focuses on the foundational stages of Trust vs. Mistrust and how early interactions shape a child's development. Test your knowledge on Erikson's theory and its implications for child care.