C180 Practice Quizzes - Foundations of Psychology

C180 Practice Quizzes - Foundations

Structuralism's primary goal: To determine how particular sensations occur simultaneously.
Psychology's definition: The scientific study of the mind and behavior.
First school of psychological thought: Structuralism.
Functionalism's primary goal: To focus on the adaptiveness of behavior.
Gestalt psychology's principle: "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts."
Psychoanalysis's founder: Sigmund Freud.
Top need in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-actualization needs.
School of psychology focusing on information processing like a computer: Cognitive psychology.
Profession earning an MD degree: Psychiatrist.
Research method for watching behavior in natural settings: Naturalistic observation.
Positive correlation example: The more I study, the higher my exam score.
Dependent variable in drug-anxiety study: Anxiety levels.
Last step of the Scientific Method: Share the results.
Definition of a hypothesis: A prediction.

C180 Practice Quizzes - Biological Perspectives

Part of neuron housing the nucleus: Cell body.
Neurotransmitter associated with motivation, reward, and movement: Dopamine.
Systems comprising the autonomic nervous system: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Lobe processing visual information: Occipital lobe.
Lobe processing somatosensory information: Parietal lobe.
Part of the brain routing sensory signals: Thalamus.
Part of the brain converting short-term to long-term memories: Hippocampus.
Brain lobe injured in Phineas Gage's accident: Frontal lobe.
Brain part for physical coordination and attention: Cerebellum.
Master gland in the endocrine system: Pituitary gland.
Sexual hormones for men: Androgens.
Hormone released during stress: Cortisol.
Neuron type causing a reflex response: Sensory neurons.
Type of processing exemplified by prior knowledge influencing perception: Top-down processing.
Brain part receiving smell sensory information: Olfactory bulb.
Smallest amount of stimulation to detect a stimulus: Absolute threshold.
Focused attention phenomenon in noisy surroundings: Cocktail party phenomenon.
Gap between neurons: Synapse.

C180 Practice Quizzes - Theories of Memory

Unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's study: Food.
Conditioned stimulus in Little Albert study: White rat.
Stimulus generalization definition: Reacting similarly to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Operant conditioning method for increasing behavior: Reinforce the behavior.
Example of negative punishment: Taking away car keys for breaking curfew.
Example of negative reinforcement: Choosing early morning shopping to avoid crowds.
Example of a primary reinforcer: Orange juice.
Reinforcement type used initially in shaping behaviors: Continuous reinforcement.
Example of stimulus generalization: A child fearing all flying insects after being stung by a bee.
Conditioned stimulus in a cat's response to cupboard opening: The sound of the cupboard door opening.
Memories of events associated with time and place: Episodic memories.
Unconscious memories not voluntarily accessed: Implicit memories.
Process where prior experience affects how we perform a subsequent task: Priming.
Capacity of short-term memory: 7 +/- 2 items.
Part of working memory for planning, reasoning, and problem-solving: Central executive.
Tendency to remember beginning and end items in a list: Serial-position effect.
Test type for assessing recognition memory: Multiple choice.

Part of personality operating on the pleasure principle: Id.
Part of personality representing a sense of right and wrong: Superego.
Stage of Freud's theory involving toilet training: Anal stage.
Creator of client-centered therapy: Carl Rogers.
Criticism of Freud's theory: Not highly testable.
Trait associated with anxiety, hostility, and depression: Neuroticism.
Traits comprising Hans Eysenck's theory: Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
Temperament dimension in Buss and Plomin's theory: Emotionality.
Common gender difference in socialization, according to social role theory: Girls taught to be nurturing, boys taught to be assertive.
Bandura's Bobo doll study findings on learned behavior: Children imitated the aggressive behavior of the adult model.
People with an internal locus of control: See control over events as coming from within themselves.
Belief in one's ability to perform behaviors: Self-efficacy.
Components of attitudes: Affective, behavioral, and cognitive.
Feeling when behaviors contradict attitudes: Cognitive dissonance.
Negative attitude towards a group: Prejudice.
Negative behavior towards a group: Discrimination.
Theory explaining prejudice based on competition for resources: Realistic conflict theory.
Tendency to favor one's own group: Ingroup bias.
Fear of negative stereotypes: Stereotype threat.
Attribution type explaining behavior based on internal factors: Internal attributions.
Example of fundamental attribution error: Judging someone's behavior solely based on their personality, not considering situational factors.
Theory focusing on trading benefits and costs in relationships: Social exchange theory.
Components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love: Intimacy, passion, and commitment.
Factor influencing obedience in Milgram's experiment: A perceived authority figure telling participants to do so.
Tendency not to help strangers in group situations: Bystander effect.
Helping motive without expecting recognition: Altruism.
Conditions defining a psychological disorder: Distress, impairment, and risk of harm.
Minimum duration of symptoms for Major Depressive Disorder: Two weeks.
Diagnosis for abnormally elevated mood & behaviors: Manic episode.
Negative symptom of schizophrenia: Minimal movement.
Example of a compulsion: Lock checking.
Eating disorder characterized by low weight and body image distortion: Anorexia nervosa.
Personality disorder characterized by unstable relationships & self-harm: Borderline personality disorder.
Analysis level not a part of psychological diagnosis: Stress.
Factor predisposing to a disorder in diathesis-stress model: Genes.
Therapy focused on understanding psychological causes via insight: Insight-oriented therapy.
Therapy focused on rewarding positive behaviors: Cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Exposure therapy technique: Imaginal and in vivo exposures.
Monitoring therapy progress by self-reporting: Self-monitoring.
Therapy approach encompassing different techniques: Eclectic approach.
Class of medications targeting serotonin levels in depression: SSRIs.
Method for activating brain regions via magnetic impulses: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
Type of therapy prioritizing unconditional positive regard: Humanistic therapy.