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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of psychology as stated in the course description?
What is the primary focus of psychology as stated in the course description?
- Studying human behavior from a philosophical perspective
- Understanding complex human behavior and interactions (correct)
- Evaluating the impact of social media on behavior
- Reading minds and predicting behavior
Which of the following correctly describes the origin of the word 'psychology'?
Which of the following correctly describes the origin of the word 'psychology'?
- Derived from the Latin word for mind
- A combination of the Greek words psyche and logos (correct)
- Originating from the Arabic word for spirit
- Rooted in the German word for behavior
Which individual is credited with founding the world's first psychological laboratory?
Which individual is credited with founding the world's first psychological laboratory?
- Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
- Sigmund Freud
- B.F. Skinner
- William James
What misconception about psychology is mentioned in the initial pretest?
What misconception about psychology is mentioned in the initial pretest?
Which of the following statements reflects the historical development of psychology?
Which of the following statements reflects the historical development of psychology?
Who is incorrectly identified as the father of American psychology?
Who is incorrectly identified as the father of American psychology?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with the study of psychology?
Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with the study of psychology?
What characteristic differentiates psychology from mere observation of behavior?
What characteristic differentiates psychology from mere observation of behavior?
Which temperament is characterized by a predominance of black bile?
Which temperament is characterized by a predominance of black bile?
What concept did John Locke introduce that describes individuals as born without built-in mental content?
What concept did John Locke introduce that describes individuals as born without built-in mental content?
Who is recognized as the father of psychology due to establishing the first experimental psychology lab?
Who is recognized as the father of psychology due to establishing the first experimental psychology lab?
Which temperament is associated with individuals who are deep thinkers and calm?
Which temperament is associated with individuals who are deep thinkers and calm?
What did Wundt primarily aim to study using introspection?
What did Wundt primarily aim to study using introspection?
Which temperament is characterized by passion, high vitality, and a tendency to get angry quickly?
Which temperament is characterized by passion, high vitality, and a tendency to get angry quickly?
What is the primary humor associated with a sanguine temperament?
What is the primary humor associated with a sanguine temperament?
Which year marks the establishment of the world’s first psychology lab?
Which year marks the establishment of the world’s first psychology lab?
What method did Wundt use to study the structure of the mind?
What method did Wundt use to study the structure of the mind?
Which psychological perspective did William James help to establish?
Which psychological perspective did William James help to establish?
Freud's psychodynamic perspective primarily emphasizes which aspect of human psychology?
Freud's psychodynamic perspective primarily emphasizes which aspect of human psychology?
What are the three components of the human mind according to Freud?
What are the three components of the human mind according to Freud?
How does Functionalism differ from Structuralism in psychology?
How does Functionalism differ from Structuralism in psychology?
What aspect does cognitive psychology primarily focus on?
What aspect does cognitive psychology primarily focus on?
Which of the following correctly portrays the concept of reductionism as believed by Wundt?
Which of the following correctly portrays the concept of reductionism as believed by Wundt?
What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis as developed by Freud?
What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis as developed by Freud?
What primary focus does the humanistic perspective emphasize in psychology?
What primary focus does the humanistic perspective emphasize in psychology?
Which concept is regarded as the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Which concept is regarded as the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
What significant change did the behavioral perspective bring to psychology?
What significant change did the behavioral perspective bring to psychology?
How does the cognitive perspective compare human brains to computers?
How does the cognitive perspective compare human brains to computers?
What area of research is neuropsychology primarily concerned with?
What area of research is neuropsychology primarily concerned with?
What does the evolutionary psychology perspective propose about the human brain?
What does the evolutionary psychology perspective propose about the human brain?
Which psychologist published 'Science and Human Behavior' in 1953, promoting the behavioral perspective?
Which psychologist published 'Science and Human Behavior' in 1953, promoting the behavioral perspective?
What key aspect distinguishes the cognitive perspective in psychology?
What key aspect distinguishes the cognitive perspective in psychology?
What does the superego represent in Freud's theory of personality?
What does the superego represent in Freud's theory of personality?
What was the primary focus of Gestalt psychology?
What was the primary focus of Gestalt psychology?
Which of the following best describes Pavlov's discovery?
Which of the following best describes Pavlov's discovery?
What aspect of behavior did John B. Watson emphasize in his work?
What aspect of behavior did John B. Watson emphasize in his work?
Which of the following thinkers was NOT associated with the origins of Gestalt psychology?
Which of the following thinkers was NOT associated with the origins of Gestalt psychology?
How did Pavlov's experiment contribute to our understanding of behavior?
How did Pavlov's experiment contribute to our understanding of behavior?
What did Freud believe was the driving force behind complex human behaviors?
What did Freud believe was the driving force behind complex human behaviors?
Which psychological perspective was primarily established by Carl Rogers?
Which psychological perspective was primarily established by Carl Rogers?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- Coverage of the conceptual and empirical foundations of psychology.
- Examines complex human behavior and the factors influencing thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Focus on individual uniqueness and interpersonal interactions.
Module 1: Psychogenetic Evolution of Psychology
- Learning Outcomes:
- Define psychology and its nature.
- Trace historical development of psychology.
- Compare characteristics of different psychological schools and their pioneers.
Historical Context
- Ancient civilizations (Egypt, Greece, China, India) speculated on the mind and behavior.
- Mid-1800s marked the evolution of psychology as a distinct discipline from philosophy.
Key Figures and Milestones
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Galen's Four Temperaments:
- Melancholic: sensitive, artistic (black bile).
- Choleric: passionate, quick-tempered (yellow bile).
- Sanguine: sociable, joyful (blood).
- Phlegmatic: calm, deep thinkers (phlegm).
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John Locke (1690):
- Introduced the concept of "tabula rasa," suggesting humans are born "blank" and shaped by experiences.
-
Wilhelm Wundt (1879):
- Established the first psychology lab at the University of Leipzig, formalizing psychology as a separate field.
- Emphasized introspection and reductionism in studying mental functions (thoughts, images, feelings).
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William James (1890):
- Founded a psychology lab at Harvard University.
- Authored "Principles of Psychology," influencing major psychological thinkers like Freud and Jung.
- Introduced functionalism, focusing on the uses of thoughts without delving into underlying processes.
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Sigmund Freud (1900):
- Introduced psychodynamic perspective, emphasizing unconscious processes and childhood experiences.
- Identified three elements of personality: id (primal urges), ego (reality), and superego (ideals).
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Ivan Pavlov (1904):
- Pioneered classical conditioning through studies on dogs and their salivation response to stimuli.
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Gestalt Psychology (1920):
- Originated from Max Wertheimer's work; emphasized perception of wholes rather than small components.
- Influenced modern studies of sensation and perception.
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John B. Watson (1924):
- Early behaviorist advocating that behavior can be understood through environmental control.
- Proposed focus on observable behavior in psychological research.
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Carl Rogers (1951):
- Developed Client-Centered Therapy, emphasizing humanistic perspectives such as self-actualization and free will.
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B.F. Skinner (1953):
- Promoted behavioral perspectives, rejecting focus on the mind's inner workings.
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Abraham Maslow (1954):
- Introduced the hierarchy of needs; self-actualization as realizing personal potential and growth.
Evolution of Psychological Perspectives
-
Cognitive Perspective (1985):
- Emphasizes mental functions like memory and perception.
- Compares human brain processes to computer information processing.
-
Neuropsychology and Evolutionary Psychology (2010):
- Neuropsychology studies the relation between brain mechanisms and behavior/cognition.
- Evolutionary psychology examines how evolution shapes mind and behavior, focusing on human adaptations.
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