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Questions and Answers
Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?
Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?
Naomi Weisstein
A psychologist studying the phenomenon where a series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face is applying the principles of ________.
A psychologist studying the phenomenon where a series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face is applying the principles of ________.
Gestalt Psychology
A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.
A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.
Skinner box
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.
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According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
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What area of psychology should Ashya work in if she wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders?
What area of psychology should Ashya work in if she wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders?
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Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
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Behaviorists all focus on ________.
Behaviorists all focus on ________.
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Behaviorists study ________.
Behaviorists study ________.
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What is Char doing when she exercises skepticism about the claim that marijuana can cure glaucoma?
What is Char doing when she exercises skepticism about the claim that marijuana can cure glaucoma?
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Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.
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Critical thinking is ________.
Critical thinking is ________.
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Dr. Bogdarian's hypothesis about her student associating her with his mother is based on ________.
Dr. Bogdarian's hypothesis about her student associating her with his mother is based on ________.
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Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.
Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.
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For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.
For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.
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Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
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Guillermo is engaged in ________ when examining his conscious experience carefully.
Guillermo is engaged in ________ when examining his conscious experience carefully.
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I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
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What does the ability of an adult to know that a hidden toy still exists exemplify?
What does the ability of an adult to know that a hidden toy still exists exemplify?
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In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.
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In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
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Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.
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Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology if she wants to study changes in cognitive skills across the lifespan.
Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology if she wants to study changes in cognitive skills across the lifespan.
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What is the long research paper that Marta must write called?
What is the long research paper that Marta must write called?
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Which area of psychology should Naghemeh focus on for health-related outcomes of psychologically healthy individuals?
Which area of psychology should Naghemeh focus on for health-related outcomes of psychologically healthy individuals?
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Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology for personnel management and workplace environment.
Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology for personnel management and workplace environment.
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Penelope is studying how the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.
Penelope is studying how the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.
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Peter is interested in a ________ training program that will help him broaden his research skills after his PhD.
Peter is interested in a ________ training program that will help him broaden his research skills after his PhD.
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Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.
Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.
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Psychology is the scientific study of ________.
Psychology is the scientific study of ________.
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Psychology refers to the ________.
Psychology refers to the ________.
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Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.
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Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.
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Susan should conduct research in the area of ________ if she wants to study prejudice and attraction.
Susan should conduct research in the area of ________ if she wants to study prejudice and attraction.
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The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
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The empirical method of study is based on ________.
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
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What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?
What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?
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What is a PsyD?
What is a PsyD?
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What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
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What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?
What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?
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What should be changed to make the statement true about Jean Piaget's theories?
What should be changed to make the statement true about Jean Piaget's theories?
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When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.
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When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.
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When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.
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When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.
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When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.
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When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?
When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?
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Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?
Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?
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Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
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Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
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Which of the following defines hypothesis?
Which of the following defines hypothesis?
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Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait?
Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait?
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Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
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Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?
Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?
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Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?
Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?
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Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
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Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?
Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?
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Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?
Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?
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Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?
Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?
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Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
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Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
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Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
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Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
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Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?
Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?
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Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
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Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
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Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?
Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?
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Why is psychology considered a social science?
Why is psychology considered a social science?
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William James was the ________.
William James was the ________.
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________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
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Study Notes
Foundations of Psychology
- Naomi Weisstein initiated the feminist revolution in psychology.
- Psychology evolved as a formal academic discipline in the 1800s.
- Wilhelm Wundt is recognized as the first person referred to as a psychologist.
Psychological Theories and Approaches
- Gestalt Psychology emphasizes perception as whole forms rather than individual components.
- Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
- Behaviorism aims for psychology to be an objective science, concentrating on observable behavior and ignoring mental processes.
- Functionalism studies the purpose of behavior and how the mind operates as a whole.
Areas of Specialization
- Clinical psychology deals with diagnosing and treating psychological disorders.
- Counseling psychology focuses on emotional, social, and health-related outcomes for psychologically healthy individuals.
- Developmental psychology studies cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behaviors across the lifespan.
- Industrial-organizational psychology looks at workplace environments and employee productivity.
- Forensic psychology involves roles such as jury selection and witness preparation.
Major Theorists
- Sigmund Freud is known for theories regarding the unconscious and personality development.
- William James emphasized studying behavior functions and is recognized as the first American psychologist.
- Carl Rogers is notable for shaping therapeutic interactions through client-centered therapy.
- Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs motivating behavior.
Key Concepts in Psychology
- Critical thinking involves evaluating information and forming informed opinions, rather than accepting personal beliefs as fact.
- Introspection is the examination of one's conscious experience, utilized in structuralism.
- Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when not visible, crucial in infants' cognitive development.
Measurement and Research in Psychology
- The empirical method relies on observation and evidence, forming the basis of psychological research.
- A hypothesis is a testable statement that serves as a starting point for investigation.
- The dissertation is a comprehensive research paper required in graduate programs.
Psychological Constructs and Models
- Personality traits encompass dimensions like conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
- Humanism emphasizes the intrinsic potential for goodness in all individuals, contrasting with more deterministic views of behavior.
Criticisms and Developments in Psychology
- Structuralism faced criticism for its subjectivity and reliance on introspection.
- Gestalt psychology struggled for prominence in America due to the rise of behaviorism.
General Psychology Facts
- The Five Factor model describes aspects of personality development.
- The number one job for psychology BA graduates is mid- and top-level management.
- Empirical research examples include exploring the impact of media on physiological responses.
Note on Historical Significance
- Francis Cecil Sumner was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology in the United States.
- John Watson was a prominent behaviorist known for his contributions to behaviorism.
Application of Psychological Principles
- The Skinner box is a device used to study behavioral conditioning and learning.
- Unconditional positive regard in therapy encourages nonjudgmental acceptance of clients.
By understanding these core concepts, individuals can grasp the diverse foundations and applications of psychology as a multifaceted discipline.
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Description
Explore the key figures, theories, and areas of specialization in psychology. This quiz covers the evolution of psychology as an academic discipline, including important contributions from feminist perspectives and various psychological approaches. Test your knowledge of foundational principles and specializations in psychology.
