39 Questions
What is the energy content of human milk in kcal/dL?
69
What is the main type of protein found in evaporated milk?
Casein protein
What is the main reason why high mineral content in evaporated milk is not good for infants?
May result in renal problems
What is the concentration of iron in human milk in mg/L?
0.5
Which vitamin has the same levels in both human milk and evaporated milk?
Vitamin A
What is the concentration of calcium in evaporated milk in mg/L?
2750
What is the concentration of lactose in human milk in g/dL?
6.8
What is the characteristic of breast milk produced at the end of breastfeeding?
Higher fat content, thicker and creamier in color
Which of the following fatty acids are higher in breast milk compared to cow's milk?
Unclassified FA and unsaturated FA
Is supplemental iron given to breastfed infants to prevent iron deficiency anemia?
True, for all breastfed infants
Which vitamins are higher in cow's milk compared to breast milk?
Vitamins K and D
What is the characteristic of foremilk?
Lower fat content, higher water content
What is the result of a diet high in CHO on milk lipid synthesis?
High SFA
How often should each breastfeeding session be given to ensure the infant receives higher fat content?
10-15 minutes
What is the purpose of exposing infants to sunlight?
To obtain vitamin D
Why are water-soluble vitamins not recommended for infants?
The infant's kidneys are immature
What is the primary preservative in sweetened condensed milk?
Sugar content
What is the consequence of using 'filled milk' in infant nutrition?
Lower rate of absorption and more incidence of colic
What is the primary difference in the composition of human milk and condensed milk?
Lactose and sucrose distribution
Why is condensed milk not recommended for infants?
It is less digestible and may cause renal impairment
What is the result of diluting condensed milk at 1:4?
A slightly lower caloric yield than human milk
What is the effect of human milk factors on intestinal permeability in premature infants?
Promote intestinal tight junction closure
What is the function of epidermal growth factor in the intestine?
Regulate cell proliferation and DNA synthesis
What is the effect of galactose and glucose on CNS development?
Support CNS development
What is the effect of increased intestinal lactase activity in premature infants?
Converts glucose into energy
What is the benefits of breastfeeding in terms of NEC?
Reduces risk of NEC
What is the function of secretory IgA in human milk?
Protects against intestinal and respiratory pathogens
What is the effect of human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiota?
Enhance the growth of beneficial microbes
What type of protein helps in iron absorption in human milk?
Lactoferrin
What is the effect of estrogen on prolactin release?
Blocks release
Which part of breastfeeding provides milk to the infant?
Hindmilk
What is the role of lactoferrin in human milk?
Helps in iron absorption
What is the effect of estrogen on mammary gland cells?
Makes them unresponsive
What is the primary source of iron in human milk?
Lactoferrin
What stage of breastfeeding is associated with hindmilk?
End of breastfeeding
What is the function of prolactin in breastfeeding?
Regulates milk production
What is the effect of estrogen on lactation?
Inhibits milk production
What is the role of lactation in human nutrition?
Provides energy and micronutrients
What is the significance of iron in human milk?
Required for hemoglobin synthesis
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