42 Questions
Which of the following is a common complication of heart failure that makes digoxin particularly beneficial for patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation?
Ventricular arrhythmias
What is the recommended therapeutic serum concentration range for digoxin in patients with arrhythmias?
1.5-2.5 ng/mL
Which of the following is a common noncardiac adverse effect associated with digoxin?
Anorexia and nausea
What is the mechanism of action of milrinone in the treatment of heart failure?
Inhibits phosphodiesterase
When should Digibind or DigiFab be considered in relation to digoxin toxicity?
If signs and symptoms of cardiovascular toxicity are present
Why should calcium-channel blockers be avoided in the treatment of congestive heart failure?
Concerns over safety and lack of efficacy evidence
Which type of drug can relieve pruritus caused by the accumulation of bile acids in patients with biliary stasis?
Bile Acid Sequestrants
What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe (Zetia®)?
Acts on the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells to inhibit cholesterol absorption
Which drug combination is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations in serum transaminases?
Ezetimibe and Statins
Which drug is indicated for type 2 diabetes due to its glucose-lowering effects?
Colesevelam
Which condition involves atherosclerotic lesions forming and occluding the vessels?
Coronary artery disease
Which drug category leads to a reduction in hepatic production of triglycerides, thus decreasing the production of VLDL?
Fish oil supplements
What is the primary effect of β-Adrenergic Blockers in the management of angina?
Decrease oxygen demand of the myocardium by blocking β receptors
Which drug is recommended as initial antianginal therapy in all patients unless contraindicated?
β-blockers
What is the primary adverse effect commonly associated with Nitrates?
Headache
Which drug category selectively inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from diet and biliary sources?
Ezetimibe
Which of the following statements about sotalol is correct?
It is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent with beta-blocker activity.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of amiodarone?
Pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonitis
What is the mechanism of action of Class III antiarrhythmic agents?
Inhibit potassium channels and delay repolarization.
Which of the following statements about dofetilide is true?
It is metabolized extensively in the liver.
What is a characteristic pharmacokinetic property of amiodarone?
Long half-life, ranging from 26 to 107 days.
Which of the following statements about Class III antiarrhythmic agents is true?
They are primarily used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
Which type of drug is specifically contraindicated in patients with asthma, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease?
β-Blocker
How do α1-Receptor Blockers like Doxazosin work in the treatment of BPH?
By blocking vascular alpha adrenoreceptors
What is the main action of Peripheral Vasodilators like Hydralazine and Minoxidil?
Reducing peripheral vascular resistance
Which medication is commonly used for hypertensive emergencies but can lead to adverse effects like cyanide toxicity?
Sodium Nitroprusside
What is the main characterizing feature of Systolic Heart Failure?
Inability to pump enough blood out
Which class of drugs is known to improve outcomes in heart failure by reducing vasoconstriction and sodium retention?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
What is the primary mechanism of action of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) like Losartan?
Lower angiotensin II levels
What is a common side effect associated with Aldosterone Antagonists like Spironolactone?
Gynecomastia
What is a potential adverse reaction associated with β-Blockers?
Bronchospasm
What is the main recommended use of Digoxin in patients with heart failure symptoms?
Increasing intracellular Ca levels
Which of the following statements about quinidine is correct?
All of the above.
Which of the following statements about procainamide is incorrect?
N-acetyl-procainamide (NAPA) is an inactive metabolite.
Which of the following is a Class IB antiarrhythmic agent?
Lidocaine
What is the mechanism of action of Class IB antiarrhythmic agents?
Inhibit sodium channels (fast on-off) and enhance potassium current.
Which of the following side effects is associated with tocainide, a Class IB antiarrhythmic agent?
Agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia
Which of the following statements about lidocaine, a Class IB antiarrhythmic agent, is correct?
All of the above.
Which of the following is a Class IC antiarrhythmic agent?
Flecainide
What is the mechanism of action of Class IC antiarrhythmic agents?
Inhibit sodium channels (slow on-off) and decrease automaticity.
Which of the following side effects is associated with propafenone, a Class IC antiarrhythmic agent?
Bronchospasm and lupus-like syndrome
Which of the following statements about beta-blockers (Class II antiarrhythmic agents) is incorrect?
They increase conduction velocity and decrease refractoriness.
Test your knowledge on bile acid sequestrants, including drugs like Cholestyramine and Colesevelam, their contraindications, effects on lipoprotein metabolism, and use in reducing LDL cholesterol. Learn about the mechanism of action and their role in relieving pruritus and managing type 2 diabetes.
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