Bile Acid Sequestrants and their Effects Quiz

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Which of the following is a common complication of heart failure that makes digoxin particularly beneficial for patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation?

Visual disturbances

Ventricular arrhythmias (correct)

Sinus bradycardia

Hypokalemia

What is the recommended therapeutic serum concentration range for digoxin in patients with arrhythmias?

1.5-2.5 ng/mL (correct)

0.8-1.2 ng/mL

0.5-0.8 ng/mL

2-3 ng/mL

Which of the following is a common noncardiac adverse effect associated with digoxin?

Anorexia and nausea (correct)

Atrial arrhythmias

Hypercalcemia

Ventricular arrhythmias

What is the mechanism of action of milrinone in the treatment of heart failure?

Inhibits phosphodiesterase Signup and view all the answers

When should Digibind or DigiFab be considered in relation to digoxin toxicity?

If signs and symptoms of cardiovascular toxicity are present Signup and view all the answers

Why should calcium-channel blockers be avoided in the treatment of congestive heart failure?

Concerns over safety and lack of efficacy evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug can relieve pruritus caused by the accumulation of bile acids in patients with biliary stasis?

Bile Acid Sequestrants Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe (Zetia®)?

Acts on the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells to inhibit cholesterol absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which drug combination is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations in serum transaminases?

Ezetimibe and Statins Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for type 2 diabetes due to its glucose-lowering effects?

Colesevelam Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves atherosclerotic lesions forming and occluding the vessels?

Coronary artery disease Signup and view all the answers

Which drug category leads to a reduction in hepatic production of triglycerides, thus decreasing the production of VLDL?

Fish oil supplements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of β-Adrenergic Blockers in the management of angina?

Decrease oxygen demand of the myocardium by blocking β receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is recommended as initial antianginal therapy in all patients unless contraindicated?

β-blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect commonly associated with Nitrates?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

Which drug category selectively inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from diet and biliary sources?

Ezetimibe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sotalol is correct?

It is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent with beta-blocker activity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of amiodarone?

Pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Class III antiarrhythmic agents?

Inhibit potassium channels and delay repolarization. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dofetilide is true?

It is metabolized extensively in the liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic pharmacokinetic property of amiodarone?

Long half-life, ranging from 26 to 107 days. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Class III antiarrhythmic agents is true?

They are primarily used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is specifically contraindicated in patients with asthma, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease?

β-Blocker Signup and view all the answers

How do α1-Receptor Blockers like Doxazosin work in the treatment of BPH?

By blocking vascular alpha adrenoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of Peripheral Vasodilators like Hydralazine and Minoxidil?

Reducing peripheral vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used for hypertensive emergencies but can lead to adverse effects like cyanide toxicity?

Sodium Nitroprusside Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characterizing feature of Systolic Heart Failure?

Inability to pump enough blood out Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is known to improve outcomes in heart failure by reducing vasoconstriction and sodium retention?

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) like Losartan?

Lower angiotensin II levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with Aldosterone Antagonists like Spironolactone?

Gynecomastia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction associated with β-Blockers?

Bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main recommended use of Digoxin in patients with heart failure symptoms?

Increasing intracellular Ca levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about quinidine is correct?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about procainamide is incorrect?

N-acetyl-procainamide (NAPA) is an inactive metabolite. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Class IB antiarrhythmic agent?

Lidocaine Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Class IB antiarrhythmic agents?

Inhibit sodium channels (fast on-off) and enhance potassium current. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is associated with tocainide, a Class IB antiarrhythmic agent?

Agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lidocaine, a Class IB antiarrhythmic agent, is correct?