Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the heritability (h) estimated for most personality traits?
What is the heritability (h) estimated for most personality traits?
Twin studies show a high correlation for emotional closeness among twins raised apart.
Twin studies show a high correlation for emotional closeness among twins raised apart.
False
What is the primary focus of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
What is the primary focus of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
The unconscious mind and inner conflicts.
Insecure attachment styles include Anxious-Ambivalent, ________, and Dismissive Avoidant.
Insecure attachment styles include Anxious-Ambivalent, ________, and Dismissive Avoidant.
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Match the following components of Freud's theory:
Match the following components of Freud's theory:
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Which theory postulates the concept of the collective unconscious?
Which theory postulates the concept of the collective unconscious?
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Ainsworth’s Strange Situation test is used to assess adult attachment styles.
Ainsworth’s Strange Situation test is used to assess adult attachment styles.
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Name one critique of Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
Name one critique of Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
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Study Notes
Behavioral Genetics
- Heritability (h) is a key concept, measuring the proportion of variance in a trait attributable to genetic factors.
- Twin and adoption studies are crucial for understanding the influence of genes and environment on traits.
- Minnesota Study of Identical Twins found strong correlations in IQ for twins raised apart, but weak correlations for emotional closeness.
- The Jim Twins case exemplifies the impact of genetics on similarities in traits despite different environments.
- Most personality traits have heritability around 0.50.
- The shared environment has a surprisingly small contribution to personality variance (often close to zero), while unique environmental factors, like peer groups, play a larger role.
Psychoanalytic Model
- Sigmund Freud, a neurologist, developed psychoanalysis through studying hypnosis and the "talking cure."
- Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the interplay of conscious and unconscious processes.
- Key components include the id (containing libido and thanatos), ego, and superego.
- Intrapsychic conflict arises from tensions among these structures.
- Ego strength relates to mental well-being, with lower ego strength potentially connected to neurosis or psychosis.
- Ego defense mechanisms like repression, suppression, and projection help manage conflicts.
- Fixation at different psychosexual stages can affect personality development.
- Freudian psychoanalysis emphasizes insight and catharsis to promote healing.
- Transference is a phenomenon where patients project feelings onto the therapist.
- Freud's contributions include the recognition of the unconscious mind's influence on behavior.
- Critiques of Freud often highlight its lack of scientific rigor and parsimony, including feminist critiques like Horney's.
- Modern perspectives on Freud's ideas are varied and continue to be studied and debated.
Psychodynamic: Jung
- Jung had a close relationship with Freud that later fractured.
- Jung's interpretation of the unconscious expands on Freud's ideas.
- Synchronicity (Littlewood’s Law of Miracles) describes meaningful coincidences.
- The collective unconscious is a shared reservoir of ancestral memories and experiences.
- Archetypes are universal symbolic representations found in cultures and dreams.
- The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) derives from Jung's personality theory with four dimensions correlating with the Big Five.
Psychodynamic: Attachment Theory
- Bowlby's attachment theory details the importance of early childhood relationships.
- Attachment styles are categorized as secure or insecure.
- Ainsworth's Strange Situation test assesses attachment styles in infants.
- Insecure attachment styles include anxious-ambivalent, fearful-avoidant, and dismissive-avoidant.
- Adult attachment styles can influence romantic relationships and other close relationships.
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Description
Explore the concepts of behavioral genetics, including heritability, twin studies, and the influence of genetics on personality traits. Additionally, delve into the psychoanalytic model developed by Sigmund Freud, focusing on the dynamics of conscious and unconscious processes.
