Behavioral Genetics AP Psych Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is behavioral genetics?

  • The study of twin behavior
  • The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior (correct)
  • The study of environmental influences on behavior
  • The study of genetic influences on behavior

What are chromosomes?

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

What is DNA?

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

What is a gene?

<p>The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.</p>
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What is a genome?

<p>The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material.</p>
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What are fraternal twins?

<p>Develop from separate fertilized eggs.</p>
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What are identical twins?

<p>Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two.</p>
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What is heritability?

<p>The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.</p>
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What does it mean to interact?

<p>The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor.</p>
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Who is an evolutionary psychologist?

<p>Someone who studies the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.</p>
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What is natural selection?

<p>The principle that inherited trait variations contributing to reproduction and survival will likely be passed on.</p>
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What are mutations?

<p>A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.</p>
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What are monozygotic twins?

<p>Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two.</p>
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What are dizygotic twins?

<p>Develop from separate fertilized eggs.</p>
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What are separated twins known for?

<p>Often exhibit identical behavior despite not being in the same environment.</p>
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Study Notes

Behavioral Genetics

  • Examines how genes and environment influence behavior.
  • Focuses on the extent of genetic versus environmental contributions.

Chromosomes

  • Composed of DNA, these structures carry genetic information.
  • Contain genes, which are the basic units of heredity.

DNA

  • A complex molecule that encodes genetic information.
  • Forms the structure of chromosomes.

Gene

  • Segments of DNA that direct the synthesis of proteins.
  • Fundamental units of heredity across organisms.

Genome

  • Represents the complete genetic blueprint of an organism.
  • Contains all genetic material required for development and functioning.

Fraternal Twins

  • Also known as dizygotic twins.
  • Arise from two separate fertilized eggs, sharing about 50% of their genes.

Identical Twins

  • Also referred to as monozygotic twins.
  • Formed from a single fertilized egg that divides, sharing 100% of their genetic material.

Heritability

  • Measures the degree to which variation in a trait is attributable to genetic differences.
  • Heritability estimates can fluctuate depending on the population and environment studied.

Interaction

  • Refers to how the impact of one factor (like environment) can depend on another (like genetics).
  • Highlights the complex interplay between genetics and environmental influences on behavior.

Evolutionary Psychology

  • Investigates behavioral and mental processes through the lens of natural selection.
  • Aims to understand the evolutionary basis for various psychological traits and behaviors.

Natural Selection

  • A principle where traits that enhance survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed to future generations.
  • Key mechanism of evolution affecting genetic diversity.

Mutations

  • Refers to random changes during gene replication that introduce new variations.
  • Can lead to beneficial, neutral, or harmful effects on an organism.

Monozygotic Twins

  • Identical twins formed when a single fertilized egg splits, resulting in two genetically identical individuals.

Dizygotic Twins

  • Fraternal twins that develop from two separate fertilized eggs, sharing roughly 50% of their genetic characteristics.

Separated Twins

  • Twins raised in different environments can still display remarkably similar behaviors, suggesting genetic influences are strong.

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