Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of atherosclerosis on a cellular basis?

  • Capillaries
  • Small-sized arteries
  • Medium and large-sized arteries (correct)
  • Veins

    • What is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis?

  • Activation of endothelial cells
  • Differentiation of monocytes into macrophages
  • LDL leaking to the endothelial cell (correct)
  • Recruitment of monocytes

    • What is the result of foam cells taking up loads of lipid?

  • Production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
  • Activation of endothelial cells
  • Differentiation into macrophages
  • Necrosis (correct)

    • What is produced by foam cells in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate consequence of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Cardiovascular death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endothelial cells in the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>To activate and recruit monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of foam cells in atherosclerosis?

    <p>High lipid content and production of inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of plaque instability in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Cardiovascular death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arteries are primarily affected by atherosclerosis?

    <p>Medium and large-sized arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the lipid that accumulates in foam cells?

    <p>LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which monocytes contribute to atherosclerosis?

    <p>By differentiating into foam cells and producing inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of LDL leaking into the endothelial cell?

    <p>Activation of endothelial cells and recruitment of monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final outcome of the process initiated by LDL leakage?

    <p>Cardiovascular death due to atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endothelial cells in the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>To activate and recruit monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the arteries primarily affected by atherosclerosis?

    <p>Medium and large-sized arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of atherosclerosis development do monocytes undergo differentiation?

    <p>After recruitment to the endothelial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced by foam cells?

    <p>To recruit more monocytes to the site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the loads of debris generated by necrotic foam cells?

    <p>Plaque instability and rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of atherosclerosis development do endothelial cells become activated?

    <p>After LDL leakage into the endothelial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cellular component of the atherosclerotic plaque?

    <p>Foam cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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