Atherosclerosis and Platelets
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Where do platelets accumulate in the event of endothelial injury?

  • Near the tunica adventitia
  • At sites of endothelial injury (correct)
  • Within the tunica media
  • At sites of leukocyte recruitment

What is the primary function of resident macrophages in atherosclerosis?

  • Recruiting monocytes to the plaque
  • Contributing to early atherogenesis and vascular calcification (correct)
  • Expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
  • Transforming into foam cells and influencing VSMCs

What is the origin of inflammatory macrophages in atherosclerosis?

  • Monocyte progenitors present in the artery since birth
  • Circulating monocytes that infiltrate the plaque (correct)
  • VSMCs that trans-differentiate into osteogenic-like cells
  • Foam cells that express pro-inflammatory cytokines

Where are inflammatory macrophages primarily located in the atherosclerotic plaque?

<p>Near the plaque's lumen (shoulder regions) and within the adventitia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of resident macrophages in atherosclerosis?

<p>Expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of platelet adherence to damaged endothelium in atherosclerosis?

<p>Leukocyte recruitment and VSMC migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of foamy macrophages in atherosclerosis?

<p>Ingesting oxidized LDL, leading to foam cell formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macrophage is derived from vascular smooth muscle cells that have undergone phenotypic switching?

<p>Smooth muscle cell-derived macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of inflammatory macrophages in atherosclerosis?

<p>Upregulation of genes linked to pro-inflammatory responses and matrix remodeling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of resident-like macrophages in atherosclerosis?

<p>Expressing genes associated with tissue maintenance and homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of smooth muscle cell-derived macrophages in atherosclerosis?

<p>Synthesizing and remodeling the extracellular matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macrophage is primarily involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix?

<p>Inflammatory macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice?

<p>They lack LDL receptors, leading to atherosclerosis when fed a high-fat diet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Double Knockout Mice (ApoE-/- LDLR-/-)?

<p>They show severe hyperlipidemia and rapid atherosclerosis progression on a regular diet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ApoE-Leiden mice?

<p>They develop atherosclerosis when fed a Western-type diet, leading to moderate hypercholesterolemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are rabbits a useful animal model for studying atherosclerosis?

<p>They are naturally more sensitive to dietary cholesterol and develop atherosclerotic lesions primarily in the aorta. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using pigs as an animal model for studying atherosclerosis?

<p>They have a similar cardiovascular system size to humans, allowing for interventional studies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between mice and other animal models used to study atherosclerosis?

<p>Mice have differences in lipid metabolism, cardiovascular anatomy, and plaque characteristics compared to other animal models. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis?

<p>To develop treatments targeting specific macrophage pathways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of ApoE-/- mice that makes them useful for studying atherosclerosis?

<p>They lack the gene for ApoE, critical in lipid metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of macrophage diversity and plasticity in cardiovascular therapy?

<p>It highlights the importance of personalized and targeted approaches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using mouse models in atherosclerosis research?

<p>Their genetic tractability and ease of handling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis according to the traditional M1/M2 polarization paradigm?

<p>They play a complex and dynamic role (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis based on the understanding of macrophage functions?

<p>Targeting specific macrophage pathways involved in inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which small interfering RNA therapy targets LPA messenger RNA to reduce apolipoprotein(a) levels?

<p>Olvasiran (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Evinacumab?

<p>Targets and inhibits ANGPTL3, enhancing lipoprotein lipase activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is particularly beneficial for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia?

<p>Evinacumab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical benefit of Olvasiran?

<p>Promising new therapy for patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels, an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Olezarsen?

<p>Targets and inhibits APOC3 mRNA, reducing apolipoprotein C-III production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical benefit of Ziltivekimab?

<p>May reduce biomarkers of inflammation and potentially lower the risk of cardiovascular events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser