32 Questions
What are the classical modifiable vascular risk factors identified by INTERHEART?
Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, sedentary behavior, central obesity, diet, alcohol, psychosocial
At what age does the development of lipid-rich fibroinflammatory plaque in the arterial intima typically begin?
Early 20's
What are some common influence factors on the development of atherosclerosis?
Local hemodynamics and diffusely distributed vascular risk factors
Which medical conditions contribute to the inflammatory aspect of atherogenesis?
SLE, RA, PSORIASIS, IBD, COPD
What is considered a paradox in terms of atherosclerosis development?
Diffusely distributed vascular risk factors but focal plaque development
What are some factors that increase a person's atherosusceptibility according to the text?
Smoking, Cocaine use, Radiation exposure
Which group is mentioned as having an increased atherosclerotic risk based on their ethnicity?
South Asians
'A finely tuned interplay between all layers and all components of the vascular wall is required to maintain normal arterial function.' - Which concept from the text does this statement emphasize?
'Normal arterial physiology'
'Acute event determined by plaque rupture or erosion' - What characteristic of atherogenesis is highlighted in this statement?
'Mechanism leading to acute cardiovascular events'
What role do endothelial cells play in response to high shear stress?
Maintaining a non-thrombotic surface
Which molecule is elaborated by endothelial cells to scavenge free radicals?
Superoxide dismutase
What is the main function of smooth muscle cells in arteries?
Relax to allow blood flow
What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix in arteries?
Provide structural integrity
What aspect of atherosclerosis does Fibrillar collagen contribute to?
Structural strength
Which risk factors did the INTERHEART study find predictive of coronary disease?
A combination of environmental, cultural, and genetic factors
In the MESA study, what did the variance in asymptomatic patients reflect?
A confluence of environmental, cultural, and genetic differences
'FRS' refers to a measure of prevalence. What does 'CAC' stand for in the context of CAC >75%ILE?
'Coronary Artery Calcification'
According to Yusuf (Lancet 2004) and Nasir (Circ 2007), what percentage of prevalence is associated with FRS?
Between 10% and 20%
What is the main characteristic of atherogenesis highlighted by the influence of local hemodynamics?
Focal plaque development
How does atherogenesis typically begin in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia?
In the early 20's
Which vascular risk factor is NOT classified as a classical modifiable risk factor based on the INTERHEART study?
Alcohol consumption
What role do lipids play in atherosusceptibility according to the text?
They increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis
Among the listed inflammatory conditions, which one is NOT mentioned as contributing to the inflammatory aspect of atherogenesis?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
What is the paradox regarding vascular risk factors and plaque development seen in atherogenesis?
Diffusely distributed risk factors lead to focal plaque formation
Which group mentioned in the text is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis based on ethnicity?
South Asians
What is the primary role of tight junctions in endothelial cells?
Maintaining a non-thrombotic luminal surface
How do smooth muscle cells respond to metabolic needs in arteries?
By modulating the diameter/tone of the artery
Which component of the extracellular matrix is responsible for the flexibility of arteries?
Elastin
In the context of CAD prevalence, what does MESA stand for?
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Which factor contributes significantly to the development of atherosclerosis based on polygenetic/epigenetic differences?
Ethnicity
What is the main purpose of smooth muscle cells when arteries are in a relaxed state?
Modulating the artery diameter/tone
What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
Binding water and regulating molecular movement
Test your knowledge on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the processes of atherogenesis, clinical risk factors, and cell biology related to atherosclerosis. Understand how these factors can be modified to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
