5 Questions
What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?
It binds reversibly to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis at the peptidyl transferase reaction
What type of microorganisms is chloramphenicol active against?
Rickettsiae, spirochetes, anaerobes
How is chloramphenicol primarily administered for systemic infection?
Intravenously
What adverse effect is associated with chloramphenicol?
Dose-related anemia
In which condition is chloramphenicol a backup drug for treatment?
Pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis in beta-lactam-sensitive persons
Study Notes
Mechanism of Action
- Chloramphenicol works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, specifically by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA.
Spectrum of Activity
- Chloramphenicol is active against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma.
Administration
- Chloramphenicol is primarily administered orally for systemic infections, although it can also be administered topically for ophthalmic and otic infections.
Adverse Effects
- One of the most significant adverse effects associated with chloramphenicol is aplastic anemia, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition.
Indications
- Chloramphenicol is a backup drug for the treatment of meningitis, particularly in cases where other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated.
Test your knowledge of antibiotic mechanisms of action with this quiz on chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, macrolides and ketolides, lincosamides, and linezolid. See how well you understand how these antibiotics work to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and target the 50S ribosomal subunit.
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