Agricultural Microbiology Practical Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the final grade does the Practical Exam account for?

  • 15% (correct)
  • 70%
  • 10%
  • 30%

    • When is the Practical Exam scheduled to be held?

  • Thursday Nov 23rd 2-3pm
  • Saturday Nov 25th 2-3pm
  • Friday Nov 24th 3-4pm
  • Friday Nov 24th 2-3pm (correct)

    • What is the weightage of the end of term MCQ exam in the RDS towards the final grade?

  • 15%
  • 30%
  • 50%
  • 70% (correct)

    • What are the two components included in the 15% Practical reports?

    <p>Write ups on practicals and online material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industry is NOT mentioned as an important application of Microbiology?

    <p>Automotive Industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Lecture 14 in MICR20010?

    <p>Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subject of Lecture 18 in MICR20010?

    <p>Microorganisms and Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the biotech industry in the text?

    <p>Automotive Industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bacteria in the ecosystem mentioned in the text?

    <p>Pollution and Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Lecture 12 in MICR20010?

    <p>Pathogenic Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Lecture 16 in MICR20010?

    <p>Identification of Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of clinical microbiology mentioned in the text?

    <p>Developing vaccines, antibiotics, new treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key requirement of Koch's postulates for proving a pathogen?

    <p>Presence of the microorganism in the diseased and not in a healthy animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a virulence factor used by some blood-borne pathogens to evade the immune system?

    <p>Secretion of coagulase leading to clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of exotoxins produced by microorganisms?

    <p>Kills or affects the functions of host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily found in Gram-negative organisms and has a dramatic effect on the immune system?

    <p>Endotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mode of transmission of microorganisms?

    <p>Droplet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of skin in protecting the body from infection?

    <p>Acting as a physical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adaptive immunity in the body's defense against pathogens?

    <p>Recognizes and responds to specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary property of antigens that makes them recognizable by the immune system?

    <p>Recognition by antigenic determinants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a vehicle transmission mode for microorganisms?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucous membranes in protecting the body from infection?

    <p>Acting as a physical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of capsules in immune evasion by some microorganisms?

    <p>Preventing fusion of lysosomes with phagocytic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary component of acquired immunity?

    <p>Antigens trigger specific response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weightage of the Practical Exam in the final grade?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components included in the 15% Practical reports?

    <p>Lab write-ups and online material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the Practical Exam scheduled to be held?

    <p>Friday Nov 24th 2-3pm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Lecture 15 in MICR20010?

    <p>Microbiology in the Food Industry - The Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industry is NOT mentioned as an important application of Microbiology?

    <p>Aerospace Industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of bacteria in the ecosystem mentioned in the text?

    <p>Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Lecture 13 in MICR20010?

    <p>Pathogenic Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of clinical microbiology mentioned in the text?

    <p>Diagnosing diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucous membranes in protecting the body from infection?

    <p>Trapping and expelling pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the biotech industry in the text?

    <p>Designing computer software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary property of antigens that makes them recognizable by the immune system?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of capsules in immune evasion by some microorganisms?

    <p>Aiding in adhesion to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key requirement for proving a pathogen according to Koch's postulates?

    <p>Presence of the microorganism in the diseased and not in a healthy animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of leukocidins secreted by some blood-borne pathogens?

    <p>Destroy white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a virulence factor directly involved in causing disease?

    <p>Cytotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary property of antigens that makes them recognizable by the immune system?

    <p>Antigenic determinants (epitopes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endotoxins primarily found in Gram-negative organisms?

    <p>Dramatic effect on the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for microorganisms via droplet nuclei?

    <p>Droplet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Recognizes and responds to specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of skin in protecting the body from infection?

    <p>Acts as a physical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary property of antigens that makes them recognizable by the immune system?

    <p>Antigenic determinants (epitopes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary component of acquired immunity?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucous membranes in protecting the body from infection?

    <p>Prevents entry of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of capsules in immune evasion by some microorganisms?

    <p>Prevent fusion of lysosomes with phagocytic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibiotics?

    <p>Killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant role of agricultural practices in the emergence of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Antibiotics used as growth promoters for intensive animal farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found in a survey of beef and poultry sold in U.S. supermarkets?

    <p>Relatively high levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can products from animals treated with antibiotics not be subsequently labelled as organic?

    <p>They contain antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of immunisation in relation to antibiotics?

    <p>Control against resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of vaccines in the context of antibiotics?

    <p>To prevent infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella being commonly isolated from minced beef?

    <p>Indicates a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of antibiotics?

    <p>Killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using antibiotics as growth promoters for intensive animal farming?

    <p>High levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do products from animals treated with antibiotics pose a challenge for organic labelling?

    <p>Presence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the control against antibiotic resistance?

    <p>To prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of controlling antibiotic resistance?

    <p>To preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mechanisms of action for antibiotics?

    <p>Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can acquired antibiotic resistance occur?

    <p>Through mutation, transformation/transposition, or conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of control for antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Prescription restrictions, rotation, reducing animal use, expertise, surveillance, infection control, and immunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial in preventing human and animal infections?

    <p>Immunization involving vaccines such as live, killed, toxoid, and subunit vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance?

    <p>High-level resistance and easy transfer to other species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can antibiotic misuse lead to?

    <p>Creating a favorable environment for antibiotic-resistant organisms to thrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vaccines?

    <p>Inducing immunity to prevent infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acquired antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Producing enzymes to inactivate or destroy the drug, altering the drug's target, and preventing entry or efflux of the drug from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary?

    <p>One-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inevitability of antibiotic resistance attributed to?

    <p>Bio-evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance lead to?

    <p>High-level resistance and easy transfer to other species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Ineffective treatment of bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Action

    • A 12-year-old boy acquired a ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella strain from cattle treated with the drug
    • Antibiotics are metabolic products of microorganisms that inhibit or kill other microorganisms
    • Mechanisms of action for antibiotics include cell wall active agents, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and inhibition of protein synthesis
    • Antibiotic resistance is inevitable due to bio-evolution, and can be acquired through mutations on the chromosome or plasmid
    • Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance can lead to high-level resistance and is easily transferable to other species
    • Acquired antibiotic resistance can occur through mutation, transformation/transposition, or conjugation
    • Mechanisms of antibacterial resistance include producing enzymes to inactivate or destroy the drug, altering the drug's target, and preventing entry or efflux of the drug from the cell
    • Antibiotic misuse creates a favorable environment for antibiotic-resistant organisms to thrive
    • One-third of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary, contributing to antibiotic resistance
    • Control of antibiotic resistance involves prescription restrictions, rotation, reducing animal use, expertise, surveillance, infection control, and immunization
    • Immunization is crucial in preventing human and animal infections, involving vaccines such as live, killed, toxoid, and subunit vaccines
    • Vaccines induce immunity to prevent infectious diseases and can be administered through vaccination, including live, killed, toxoid, and subunit vaccines

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    Description

    Test your knowledge in agricultural microbiology with this quiz assessing practical accounts, practical reports, and practical exams, along with a focus on the study of microorganisms. Topics include practical write-ups, online materials, and end-of-term MCQ exams.

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