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Questions and Answers
What significant event prompted the filing of the agrarian reform bill in Congress?
Which of the following lands are not covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law?
What is a prerequisite for reclassifying forest or mineral lands to agricultural lands after the approval of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law?
What did the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law aim to address immediately following the protests?
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The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law applies to which type of lands?
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Which group was primarily involved in the protests that led to the agrarian reform bill's introduction?
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What must be considered by Congress before any reclassification of land types occurs under the agrarian reform law?
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What was a key outcome expected from the enactment of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law?
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What is the primary goal of land reform initiatives?
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Which law is primarily focused on the redistribution of agricultural land in the Philippines?
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Which of the following accurately describes agricultural subsidies?
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Which strategy is NOT typically associated with rural development?
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What group is specifically protected under agrarian reform laws in the Philippines?
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What aspect do land tenure systems typically address?
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What describes the system established to ensure fair ownership of land among farmers?
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Which strategy focuses on improving the living conditions in rural areas and supporting agricultural development?
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How do market regulations in agriculture typically assist farmers?
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Which law is associated with the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law that aims to alleviate social inequities?
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Which of the following describes limitations set by the 1935 Constitution regarding land ownership?
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What change did agrarian reform policies implement regarding sharecropping?
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What is a major consequence of market volatility on farmers?
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What was a significant consequence of the failure to enforce agrarian reform laws?
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How many militant farmers were reported to have faced a massacre in January 1987?
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What term refers to the efforts made to stabilize agricultural markets and protect local economies?
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Study Notes
Agrarian Reform in the Philippines
- Agrarian reform in the Philippines is a long-standing issue, with attempts at reform dating back over 100 years.
- Traditional Filipino land ownership systems before the Spanish colonization involved communal land owned by a barangay, encompassing datu, freemen, serfs, and slaves.
- The Spanish introduced a system of land ownership that distributed land to Spanish military and clergy, establishing encomiendas (administrative districts).
- The 1935 Constitution addressed foreign land access, requiring at least 60% Filipino ownership for corporations, and limiting use rights over time.
- The 1935 Constitution included other reforms such as interest rate limitations on loans and increasing the sharecropping share.
- These reforms were largely ineffective, leading to the Huk rebellion.
Agrarian Reform Policies
- Agrarian policies are government measures and strategies related to agriculture, land use, and rural development.
- These policies aim to regulate land ownership, agricultural production, distribution of agricultural goods, and the rights of farmers and laborers.
- Key issues addressed in agrarian policies:
- Land Reform: Redistribution of land to ensure equitable ownership, particularly addressing large landholdings concentrated in the hands of a few.
- Agricultural Subsidies and Support: Financial aid, technical assistance, or other incentives to promote agricultural productivity, food security, and farmer livelihoods.
- Rural Development: Infrastructure projects (like roads, irrigation systems) and social programs to improve the quality of life in rural areas.
- Land Tenure Systems: Establishing rules regarding land ownership, leasing, and usage rights to ensure sustainable and fair land management.
- Market Regulation: Setting policies on the pricing, trading, and export of agricultural products to stabilize local economies and protect farmers from market volatility.
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)
- Republic Act No. 6657, also known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL), was enacted during President Corazon Aquino's term, following a massacre of 10,000 militant farmers demanding immediate land distribution.
- CARL covers all public and private agricultural lands, regardless of tenurial arrangements and commodities produced, including lands suitable for agriculture.
- Lands covered by the CARL:
- Alienable and disposable lands of the public domain devoted to or suitable for agriculture.
- Public domain lands exceeding specific limits determined by Congress.
- Government-owned lands devoted to or suitable for agriculture.
- All private lands devoted to or suitable for agriculture, regardless of the agricultural products raised or that can be raised thereon.
Key Groups Protected Under Agrarian Reform Laws
- Indigenous peoples
- Small farmers
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Description
Explore the history and policies of agrarian reform in the Philippines. From traditional land ownership to the impact of the 1935 Constitution, learn about the challenges and outcomes of various reforms. Understand how these issues have shaped rural development and led to significant events like the Huk rebellion.
