Agrarian Reform Policies PDF

Agrarian Reform Policies COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies Agrarian reform is a 100-year history of unfinished reforms after the United States took over the country from the Spaniards. Before the Hispanic period, there wer...

Agrarian Reform Policies COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies Agrarian reform is a 100-year history of unfinished reforms after the United States took over the country from the Spaniards. Before the Hispanic period, there were no owner-cultivators, only communal land owned by the barangay which consisted of a datu, freemen, serfs and slaves. The Spaniards replaced this traditional system of land ownership, similar to existing systems among several indigenous communities today and distributed the land (haciendas) to the Spanish military and the clergy or established encomiendas (administrative districts). The 1935 Constitution addressed the issue of foreign access to land, i.e. corporations must have at least 60% Filipino ownership, and use-rights were limited in time. Other reforms included limitations on interest rates on loans and an increase in the sharecropping share from 50% to 70%. But very little of these laws were really followed in practice and the Huk rebellion was born. COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies Agrarian policies refer to government measures and strategies related to agriculture, land use, and rural development. These policies are designed to regulate land ownership, agricultural production, distribution of agricultural goods, and the rights of farmers and laborers. Agrarian policies typically address issues such as: 1. Land Reform: Redistribution of land to ensure equitable ownership, especially in cases where large landholdings are concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or families. 2. Agricultural Subsidies and Support: Financial aid, technical assistance, or other incentives to promote agricultural productivity, food security, and the livelihoods of farmers. COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies 3. Rural Development: Infrastructure projects (like roads, irrigation systems, etc.) and social programs aimed at improving the quality of life in rural areas. 4. Land Tenure Systems: Establishing rules about land ownership, leasing, and usage rights to ensure sustainable and fair land management. 5. Market Regulation: Setting policies on the pricing, trading, and export of agricultural products to stabilize local economies and protect farmers from market volatility. After Marcos’ term, the succeeding government of President Aquino enacted Republic Act No. 6657, or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The enactment of the CARL was controversial. It came in the wake of a protest rally of some 10 000 militant farmers in January 1987 that ended in a massacre. The farmers had been demanding immediate land distribution, through confiscation and expropriation if necessary. Government troops fired on them, killing 17 and wounding about 100 others. This prompted the immediate filing in Congress of the agrarian reform bill. The bill was debated intensely inside and outside the halls of Congress. There were almost daily mass demonstrations by civil society groups. COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies Agrarian policies vary widely depending on the country’s socio-political context, economic priorities, and the specific challenges faced by the agricultural sector. The Document: The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 shall cover, regardless of tenurial arrangement and commodity produced, all public and private agricultural lands, as provided in Proclamation No. 131 and Executive Order No. 229, including other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture. More specifically, the following lands are covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies I. All alienable and disposable lands of the public domain devoted to or suitable for agriculture. No reclassification of forest or mineral lands to agricultural lands shall be undertaken after the approval of this Act until Congress, taking into account ecological, developmental and equity considerations, shall have determined by law, the specific limits of the public domain. II. All lands of the public domain in excess of the specific limits as determined by Congress in the preceding paragraph; III. All other lands owned by the Government devoted to or suitable for agriculture; and IV. All private lands devoted to or suitable for agriculture regardless of the agricultural products raised or that can be raised thereon. COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  Agrarian Reform Policies The New Republic After the establishment of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the problems of land tenure remained. These became worst in certain areas. Thus, the Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law. Examples of Agrarian Policies that address agriculture, land use and rural development: President Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948) enacted the following laws: Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts. President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law Republic Act No. 6657 or otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The law became effective on June 15, 1988. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 – present) The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of agrarian reform where landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).Duterte plans to place almost all public lands, including military reserves, under agrarian reform. Under his administration the DAR created an anti-corruption task force to investigate and handle reports on alleged anomalous activities by officials and employees of the department. COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  QUIZ TIME! COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department Multiple Choice: 1. When did the 100-year history of Agrarian reform take place? a) During the Spanish rule over the Philippines b) Before the Hispanic period in the Philippines c) After the US took over the Philippines d) During the time barangays owned the land 2. What is the legal basis for the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)? a) Republic Act No. 3844 b) Republic Act No. 6657 c) Republic Act No. 9700 d) Executive Order No. 364 COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department 3. What does the 1935 Constitution address? a) The issue of both foreign and local access to land b) The issue of political access to land c) The issue of local access to land d) The issue of foreign access to land 4. What does the Agrarian Policies refer to? Government measures and strategies related to: a) Agriculture, land use, or rural development b) Agriculture, land use, and rural development c) Political rights to agricultural management d) Agriculture alone COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department 5. Who is the former president who signed the Republic Act No. 6657 law or known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law a) President Rodrigo Roa Duterte b) President Manuel Roxas c) President Corazon Aquino d) None of the above 6. What law governs Agrarian Reform in the Philippines? a) Indigenous People Rights Act b) National Land Use Act c) Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) d) Fisheries Code COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department 7. Which of the following groups are protected under agrarian reform laws? a) Urban developers b) Indigenous peoples and small farmers c) Foreign investors d) Private corporations 8. Which Agrarian Policy resulted in a massacre? a) Republic Act No. 34 b) Republic Act No. 6657 c) Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) d) Republic Act No. 8532 COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department 9. Which of the following describes the local economies and protects farmers from market volatility? a) Rural development b) Market regulation c) Land Tenure System d) Land Reform 10. How many militant farmers in January 1987 ended in a massacre? a) 15,000 b) 12,000 c) 10,000 d) 5,000 COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department Answer Key: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Secondary Education Department  THANK YOU GROUP 5: Joshua Caleb Asuncion Ghina Lagansua Dhenilene Damo Mica Alyssa Ramelb Katrina Mikyle Andres Get in Touch WithusUs Send a message or visit us City of Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines (63) 77-600-0459 [email protected] Follow us for updates facebook.com/MMSUofficial www.mmsu.edu.ph