BMS 150 Quiz 1 (Week 1)

Questions and Answers

Choose the acute phase reactant (protein secreted by the liver during systemic inflammation

CRP (C-reactive protein)

Choose the TRUE statement regrading pattern receptor (PRRs)

NOD-like receptors can sense PAMPs and DAMPs in the cytosol

Which of the following is NOT an antiviral activity that is promoted by a Type-1 interferon?

Increased cytotoxic T-cell proliferation

How is the classical pathway of complement activated?

C1q attaches to an antibody that has bound a pathogen Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding the membrane attack complex (MAC)

It requires a complex of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options does NOT cause vasodilation?

CXCL8 (aka IL-8) Signup and view all the answers

Which microbicidal (microbial killing) option is NOT used by macrophages?

NETs Signup and view all the answers

When a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium, the bacterium is taken up into a:

Phagosome Signup and view all the answers

Which adhesion molecule is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and is responsible for TIGHT binding of circulating leukocytes during the emigration phase of inflammation?

ICAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

Innate immune cells recognize pathogens through the use of their:

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statement is correct with regards to immunological tolerance?

It is the result of immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE for memory (aka secondary response) to infection?

All of these statements are true Signup and view all the answers

Choose the FALSE statement below:

Differentiated effector cells that are produces form the division of an activated lymphocyte = paternal cell - will bear receptors with a different specify from that of the parent cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is the most correct as it relates to innate immunity?

It occurs rapidly (begins within minutes to hours of infection) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the mismatched items:

Neutrophil : precursor to macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding neutrophils:

Neutrophils are the most numerous white blood cell (WBC) in the blood stream Signup and view all the answers

Identify the mismatch between receptor and ligand:

SR-A : antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which vascular permeability increases during inflammation?

Dilation of pre-capillary sphincters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) is most likely to bind an intracellular PAMP (pathogen associated molecular pattern)?

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acute Phase Reactants

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant protein secreted by the liver during systemic inflammation.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

PRRs recognize pathogens through specific molecular patterns, such as LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and viral RNA.

Interferons and Antiviral Activity

Type-1 interferons promote antiviral activities, but do not induce apoptosis (cell death).

Complement System

The classical pathway of complement is activated by antigen-antibody complexes.
The membrane attack complex (MAC) is a cytolytic complex that forms a pore in the target cell membrane.

Vasodilation and Inflammation

Bradykinin, histamine, and prostacyclin are vasoactive mediators that cause vasodilation, but acetylcholine is not.

Phagocytosis and Microbicidal Mechanisms

Macrophages use mechanisms such as oxidative burst, lysosomal enzymes, and nitric oxide to kill microbes, but not autophagy.
When a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium, the bacterium is taken up into a phagosome.

Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation

ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) is an adhesion molecule expressed on vascular endothelial cells, responsible for tight binding of circulating leukocytes during the emigration phase of inflammation.

Innate Immunity Recognition

Innate immune cells recognize pathogens through the use of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Immunological Tolerance

Immunological tolerance refers to the state of unresponsiveness to self-antigens, which is necessary to prevent autoimmune diseases.

Adaptive Immunity and Memory Response

Memory (secondary) response to infection is characterized by a more rapid and robust immune response compared to the primary response.

Neutrophils and Inflammation

Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial infections, responding quickly to inflammatory stimuli.

Mismatched Items and Receptors

The mismatched item is the pairing of TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) with LPS (lipopolysaccharides), which is incorrect; TLR3 recognizes viral dsRNA.
The correct pairing is TLR4 with LPS.

Vascular Permeability and Inflammation

Vascular permeability increases during inflammation through mechanisms such as endothelial contraction, increased endothelial permeability, and leukocyte adhesion, but not through decreased blood pressure.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and PAMPs

NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2) is a PRR that recognizes intracellular PAMPs, such as muramyl dipeptide.

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Description

Test your knowledge by identifying the protein secreted by the liver during systemic inflammation as part of the acute phase response.