25 Questions
What is the purpose of immunoglobulins produced in response to foreign antigens?
To destroy foreign antigens
What is the normal reference range for total protein concentration in the blood?
6.5-8.3 g/dL
What is the term for proteins that decrease in concentration during inflammation?
Negative acute-phase proteins
What is prealbumin also termed as?
Transthyretin
What is one of the causes of hypoproteinemia?
Gastrointestinal tract inflammation
What is the normal reference range for albumin concentration in the blood?
3.5-5.0 g/dL
What is prealbumin an indicator of?
Nutritional status
What is one of the causes of hyperproteinemia?
Dehydration
What is the primary function of albumin in the blood?
To transport various analytes throughout the body
What is the primary location of albumin synthesis?
Liver
What is α1-Acid glycoprotein and what is its function?
An acute-phase reactant that binds to basic drugs
What is the result of decreased albumin levels in the blood?
Decreased plasma osmotic pressure
What is the primary function of α1-antitrypsin?
To inhibit protease activity
What is the commonality among conditions where ceruloplasmin is increased?
Pregnancy and inflammatory disorders
What is the significance of elevated maternal serum AFP levels?
Indicates a high risk of neural tube defects
What is the function of haptoglobin?
To bind free hemoglobin
During which period of gestation does AFP level peak?
13-15 weeks
What is the effect of nephrotic syndrome on haptoglobin levels?
Decreased
What is the primary site of AFP synthesis during gestation?
Yolk sac
What is the effect of nephrotic syndrome on α2-Macroglobulin levels?
Increased
What binds to approximately 90% of serum copper?
Ceruloplasmin
What is the normal adult level of AFP?
Very low
What is decreased in Wilson disease?
Ceruloplasmin
What is the effect of oral estrogen and oral contraceptives on ceruloplasmin levels?
Increased
What is the function of α2-Macroglobulin?
To inhibit proteolytic enzymes
Learn about the role of cytokines in the production of acute-phase reactant proteins in response to inflammation and tissue injury. Understand how these proteins increase in concentration, while others decrease, as a nonspecific response to various stimuli. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and effects of acute-phase reactants.
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