Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Acute-Phase Reactants

Somatic protein and Visceral protein

To provide the most objective and quantitative assessment

It is a positive acute-phase reactant and an indicator of immunocompetence

<p>Positive acute-phase reactants and Negative acute-phase reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin, Transferrin, Prealbumin, Retinol-binding protein, and Creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's nitrogen intake and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolation, centrifugal force, and large blood sample are required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver, bone marrow, adipose tissue, and bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic metabolic panel (BMP) and comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasting for 10 to 12 hours before testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium, albumin, total protein, and liver function tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), and differential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To indicate percentages of different kinds of white blood cells (WBC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Useful to validate data obtained from dietary methods, e.g., comparing salt intake with 24-hour urinary excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affected by technical and biological factors other than depleted body stores of the nutrient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ function, disease states, hydration status, medications, and fasting or non-fasting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whole blood, serum, or plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum is the fluid from blood after blood cells and clot are removed, while plasma is the fluid from blood centrifuged with anticoagulants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes (red blood cells).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes (white blood cells).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect subclinical deficiency states and to supplement other assessment methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical tests and functional tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most objective and precise method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring nutrients and their metabolites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring production of abnormal metabolites or changes in enzyme activity dependent on a specific nutrient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can detect marginal subclinical deficiency before they result in overt signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can measure the extent of functional consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the only method that can detect nutrient deficiency and supplement other methods of evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visceral protein depletion due to inadequate intake of protein and/or hypermetabolic state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kwashiorkor represents a maladaptive response to starvation, whereas Marasmus represents an adaptive response to starvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edema, muscle wasting, psychomotor changes, anemia, and growth retardation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body utilizes all fat stores before using muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema, whereas Marasmus is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the amount of time in which half of the protein is eliminated or broken down from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease in response to an acute phase response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin.</p> Signup and view all the answers