41 Questions
Which component of acid-base balance does the base excess reflect?
Metabolic
In the presence of metabolic alkalosis, what is the expected value of the base excess?
Positive
If there is a metabolic acidosis, what is the expected value of the base excess?
Negative
Which components vary in respiratory-type acid-base balance disorders?
PCO2 and actual bicarbonate
Which of the following is true about acid-base imbalances?
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by a decrease in carbonic acid
What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?
7.35-7.45
Which of the following is true about compensation for acid-base imbalances?
Renal mechanisms can bring about respiratory compensation
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis?
Increased acids from anaerobic metabolism
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of compensation for respiratory acidosis?
Renal excretion of H+
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation
What is the formula for calculating the base excess?
Base Excess = Amount of acid required to restore 1 L of blood to normal pH
Which of the following components vary in respiratory-type acid-base balance disorders?
pH and PCO2
What is the expected value of the base excess in the presence of metabolic alkalosis?
Positive
Which of the following is true about compensation for respiratory acidosis?
It is compensated by metabolic alkalosis
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Increased PCO2
What is the formula for calculating the base excess?
Actual Bicarbonate - Standard Bicarbonate
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis?
Decreased Standard Bicarbonate
Which component of acid-base balance does the base excess reflect?
Metabolic component
What is the expected value of the base excess in the presence of metabolic acidosis?
Negative
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of compensation for respiratory alkalosis?
Decreased PCO2
What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?
7.35 - 7.45
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis?
Renal failure
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation
What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?
7.2-7.4
Which of the following is true about compensation for acid-base imbalances?
The kidneys conserve hydrogen ion in metabolic alkalosis
Which component of acid-base balance does the base excess reflect?
Metabolism
Which components vary in respiratory-type acid-base balance disorders?
Bicarbonate and carbonic acid
What is the formula for calculating the base excess?
BE = AB - SB
In the presence of metabolic alkalosis, what is the expected value of the base excess?
AB > SB
If there is a metabolic acidosis, what is the expected value of the base excess?
AB < SB
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of compensation for respiratory acidosis?
Hyperventilation
Which of the following is true about acid-base imbalances?
Respiratory acidosis is caused by an increase in carbonic acid
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis?
Decreased bicarbonate levels
What is the expected value of the base excess in the presence of metabolic acidosis?
$0 \pm 2.5$
Which component of acid-base balance does the base excess reflect?
HCO3- levels
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of compensation for respiratory acidosis?
Hyperventilation
Which of the following is true about compensation for acid-base imbalances?
Respiratory compensation involves renal mechanisms
Which of the following is true about acid-base imbalances?
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by a decrease in carbonic acid
What is the formula for calculating the base excess?
pH = pK + log \left( \frac{{H2CO3}}{{HCO3-}} \right)
Which components vary in respiratory-type acid-base balance disorders?
pH and pCO2
Study Notes
Acid-Base Balance
- Base excess reflects the metabolic component of acid-base balance.
Acid-Base Imbalances
- In metabolic alkalosis, the expected value of base excess is positive.
- In metabolic acidosis, the expected value of base excess is negative.
- Acid-base imbalances can be compensated for by the body.
Respiratory-Type Acid-Base Balance Disorders
- The components that vary in respiratory-type acid-base balance disorders are pCO2 and pH.
pH Levels
- The normal range for arterial blood pH is 7.35-7.45.
Compensation Mechanisms
- In respiratory acidosis, the body compensates by increasing bicarbonate levels.
- In respiratory alkalosis, the body compensates by decreasing bicarbonate levels.
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
- Lactic acidosis is a cause of metabolic acidosis.
Calculating Base Excess
- The formula for calculating base excess is not specified in the text.
Respiratory Alkalosis
- The primary cause of respiratory alkalosis is hyperventilation.
Test your knowledge on acid-base disorders and imbalances with this quiz. Learn about alkalosis, acidosis, and how the body responds to maintain pH balance. Challenge yourself and improve your understanding of this important topic in healthcare.
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