MAPEH PDF Music History

Music Impressionism - An art movement that originated in the late 19th century in paris as an artistic reaction to the rapidly changing urban environment. Style: Avoided definite forms or obvious statements, instead highlighted suggestion and atmosphere. -18...

Music Impressionism - An art movement that originated in the late 19th century in paris as an artistic reaction to the rapidly changing urban environment. Style: Avoided definite forms or obvious statements, instead highlighted suggestion and atmosphere. -1870-1920 -Open air (Subject was light) -insignificant Claude Monet - Created the impression, Sunrise painting (1872.) Impressionist composers works expressed reaction to experience rather than the reality itself, keeping a calm perspective. -Piano was believed to be capable of expressing the impressionistic style in a composition. The musical styles of t he impressionism -A. Whole Tone Scale - This is a pattern constructed entirely of whole-tone intervals. -B. Parallel or Gliding Chords - This is the interval between the lowest and the highest notes forming a chord. -C. Dissonance - is created when using harmonic intervals or chords that create uneven pitches. Octaves and Open Fifths - open fifth is a chord that contains the tonic, that's the first note, and the fifth note but no third. - piano octave is simply a set of 8 white notes (12 total if you count the black ones - The relationship between each note is a perfect fifth Impressionistic composers: Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Some people wish above all to conform to the rules; I wish only to render what I can hear. There is no theory. You have only to listen. Pleasure is the law. - Born: august 22, 1862 - Birthplace: saint-german-en-laye (near paris) - 11 years old-paris conservatoire - Introduce new chord combinations, whole-tone chords, parallel and bitonal chords, chromaticism, dissonances, and interesting rhythms and scales. - Clair de lune (moonlight)-1890 - Pelléas et Mélisande(opera) 1902. - Jeux (games)-1913 - La mer (the sea) -1905  - L'enfant prodigue (the prodigal son)-1884 - Prélude à l'aprés-midi d'un Faune (prelude to the afternoon of a faun)-1902 Maurice ravel (1875-1937) “music, I feel, must be emotional first and intellectual second. The only love affair I have ever had was with music.” - Known as: outstanding impressionist composer, French post-impressionist composer, conductor and pianist. - Born: march 7, 1875 (village near saint-jean-de-luz, France. - In 1889 (age 14)-1905-paris conservatoire - Famous works: (orchestra): Daphnis et Chloé(1912), Rapsodie espagnole, Bolero(1928)-is a one-movement orchestral piece where the theme is played persistently by various instruments. A rhythmic ostinato is a short, constantly repeated rhythmic pattern. Who created The scream painting? - Edvard Munch - Born: December 12, 1863, Löten, Norway - Died: January 23, 1944, - Norwegian painter and printmaker. - Three version: 1893, 1895. 1910 - An expressionist artist communicates personal feelings about the subject rather than just painting what he/she sees. - Characteristics of Expressionism - Polyrhythm- The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns. - Polymeter- The combined of two or more meters. - Polyharmony-Combines two or more streams of harmony against each other. - Polytonality-Uses two or more keys (key signature) together. - Atonality- It abandoned tonality. Expressionistic Composer - Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) “ My work should be judged as it enters the ears and heads of listeners, not as it is described to the eyes of readers.” - Born: September 13, 1874  - Age 8-Violin - Transfigured Night (1899)-String Sextet - Lifelong friend: Alexander Von Zemlinsky 1895 in Vienna Conservatory - 1915-1923: Propose music theories and developed structural procedures to replace tonality. - Twelve-tone-techniques: Leader of Contemporary Musical. - Inspiration: Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, and Johann Strauss. - Has Triskaidekaphobia (Fear of number 13) - Died: July 13, 1951 Friday - Pierrot Lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot) 1912 - Die Gluckliche Hand (The Blessed Hand) 1910-1913 - Nachtwandler (Sleepwalker) (1901) - Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) “To listen is an effort, and just to hear is no merit. A duck hears also.” - Known as: Composer, pianist and conductor - Born: June 17, 1882 - Birthplace: Oranienbaum, Russia. - Father: Singer of the Imperial Opera - Famous composition: The Rite of Spring - commissioned to write a short piece of music for a ballet with elephants by the great ballet dancer-choreographer George Balanchine in 1942. - Other famous works of Stravinsky: - Oedipus (1927) - Orpheus (1946) - Petrushka (1910) - Symphony of Psalms (1930) - The Firebird (L’oiseau de feu) (1910) - The Soldier’s Tale (1918) - The Wedding (1914) - Twelve tone techniques- The arrangement chromatic pitches in series, which provides the melodic and harmonic basis for music composition. - Pitch Classes- The notes are numbered by using the corresponding number of half- steps from the first note in the tone row. - Four basic forms - Prime-the original composition of the twelve-tone series. - Inversion- The inverted transposition from the given prime. - Retrograde- The backward transposition from the last note of the prime. - Retrograde Inversion- The backward and upside-down transposition from the last note of the prime. Arts Impressionism - 1874- Anonymous Society of Painter, Sculptors, printmakers, etc. organized an art exhibition on Paris. - Member: - Claude Monet - Edgar Degas - Camille Pissarro - Their works are recognized for ideas and technology and primarily because of modernity Claude Monet - Known as:French painter and founder of impressionism painting. - Full Name: Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet - Born and Died:(November 14, 1840 – December 5, 1926) - Cause of death: Lung Cancer Edgar Degas - Known as: painting ballet dancers. - Born: July 19, 1834, Paris, France - Died: September 27, 1917 (age 83 years), Paris,France - Full name: Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas - Cause of Death: Brain Aneurysm Camille Pissarro - Known as: "Father of Impressionism“ - Full name: Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro - Born: July 10, 1830, Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Is Cause of death: Sepsisands - Died: November 13, 1903 (age 73 years), Paris, France - Cause of death: Sepsis The Barque of Dante (1822) by Eugene Delacloix - Cause of death; Tubercolosis The term Impressionism was coined from the title of French Painter Claude Monet’s painting, Impression, Soleil Levant (Impression, Sunrise) 1872 by Soleil Levant  Impressionism personified what this group of artist wanted to represent in their works, and that is the momentary “impression” of an image. Practices of Impressionism: - Elements and Design - Choice - Position of subjects: Background; location; composition; and even the styles for capturing the light and delivering movements. Boating (1874) Edouard Manet Cause of death: syphilis Luncheon of the boating party (1881) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir Cause of Death: Heart Attack Church and Farm of Eragny (1895) By Camille Pissarro Cause of death: Sepsis The floor scrapers (1875) by Gustave Caillebotte Cause of Death: Pulmonary congestion Location Preference: Outdoors Photography - true-to-life images or exact representations Post-Impressionism The term was coined by the English art critic Roger Fry based on the artworks of nineteenth century painters such as Paul Cezanne, Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, George Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others. They preferred to form their own highly personal art. Impressionist ways: Geometric approach, fragmenting objects, making people faces and body parts vague and applying colors that were not necessarily realistic of naturals. Roger Fry - Full name: Roger Eliot Fry - Born: December 14, 1866, Saint Pancras, London, United Kingdom. - Died: September 9, 1934 (age 67 years), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Paul Cezanne - Considered to be a significant link between impressionism and Cubism. - Influential artist to different artist. (Pablo Picasso)  - Cause of Death: Pneumonia - The Basket of Apple (1895) Vincent van Gogh - Post Impressionist painter from Netherlands. - His artworks are noteworthy for their strong, heavy brush strokes, intense emotions, and colors that radiate energy. - Start career by copying print and reading nineteenth century drawing books and manuals. - “To be a great painter you had to first master drawing”. - Road in Etten (1881) - The Potato Eaters (April 1885) - 1882- Lithography-(Market place -earn money). - Early career- Painted dark and sad colors that suited his subjects, like miners and peasant farmers. - Middle years-moved to Paris - Began using lighter palette of red, yellows, orange, greens and blues. - Broken brush - Pointillism, distinct dots of color - Used portrait painting to make money and develop his artistic skills - The sunflowers (1888) Influence by Japanese - painted over 30 self-portraits between the years 1886-1889 - 1888-Moved from Paris. - Four cut Sunflowers (1887) Location: Kröller-Müller Museum Jute is a long, rough, shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. Less realistic-Style reflected his emotional reactions to subject (Application of colors and techniques). Played with colors to capture mood rather than used them realistically. Inspired by the light of colors of the Provencal Spring (France). Created 14 paintings of orchards in less than 4 weeks. 70 days leading up to his death, he averaged one painting per day. American Impressionist: William Meritt Chase - Known as: Exponent Teacher and as a teacher. - Born: November 1, 1849, Indiana - Died: October 25, 1916 (age 66 years), New York. - New York-1889 - (2 years) National Academy Design- St. Louis - 1872-sponsored by contributions from group of St. Louis art patrons.  - Dream-Munich and Royal Academy - Munich-Karl von Piloty - Founder of the Chase school (1896) or Parsons School of Design in New York - Parsons is a private art and design college in New York City. It is one of The New School. - Parsons was the first school in United States to offer programs in fashion design, advertising, interior design and graphic design. - 1878- Returned to New York at the Art student League. - 1896-Open own Art School - He Believed in Theatrical self-promotion - At the seaside (1892) - The Landscape; Shinnecock Long Island (1896) PE Lifestyle – a particular way a person or group of person lives. Noncommunicable Disease – cardiovascular diseases like enlargement of the heart and hypertension, diabetes like asthma and obstructed pulmonary diseases. Weight management - Weight gain -happens when energy consumed is greater than the energy expended. - Weight loss – occurs when the energy consumed is less than the energy expended. - Weight maintenance – happens when the energy consumed is equal to the energy expended. BMI = W/H^2 Underweight - 40.0 Lifestyle Diseases – are defined as diseases linked with the way how people live Ways to Modify Eating Habits  Personal Preference They taste good to you. Availability There are no choices to choose from. Economy They are within the budget Emotional Comfort They make you feel better for a while Weight and Nutritional Value You think they are good for you and for your body weight Social pressure They are offered so you feel you cannot refuse them. Region/location They are common or a specialty in your local Values/beliefs They fit your religious tradition or ethical belief Advertising Social media persuades you to eat them Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) Health World Health Assembly- It is a process of obtaining systematic knowledge and technology that can be used for improvement of the health of an individual or groups of population. Sources of Information - Family - Friends - Television - Radio - Print and non-print advertisements - Commercials - Health professionals - Health Agencies - Internet - Billboards  Guidelines and criteria in selecting and evaluating Health information 1. Reliability: Who is/are giving the information? 2. Credibility: What is their reputation in the community and in the country? 3. Professionalism: What is their educational background? 4. Purpose: How is the information presented? Is it in an educational and science-based or advertisement and marketing strategy? 5. Motivation: Is it intended to improve health and wellbeing or for profit? Health Products - Are those substances, materials, or equipment prepared or manufactured for purchase and use in the maintenance of health and the treatment of diseases. Health Services - It refers to health actions, procedures, or work furnished or supplied to help satisfy your needs and wants as a consumer. 1. Health Professionals- Individuals who provide preventive, curative promotional, or rehabilitative health care services. - Nurses - hands on care to patients by administering medications, managing intravenous lines, observing and monitoring patient’s conditions, and maintaining records and communicating with doctors. - Doctors – provides diagnosis and treat patients who are suffering from diseases and injuries. - Dentist – provides diagnosis and prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity. - Medical Technicians (MEDTECH) – analyze and test body fluids and tissues. - Pharmacists – dispense prescription medications to patients and offer expertise in the use of prescriptions. - Physical therapists – diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from the newborn to the oldest who have medical problems or other health-related conditions that limit their ability to move or to perform physical activities. - Nutritionist and Dieticians – (Nutritionist) health care professionals licensed to assess, diagnose and treat nutritional problems. (Dieticians) alters their patient’s nutrition upon their medical conditions and individual needs. 2. Health Facilities – places that provide health care. Hospitals, clinics, etc. - Choosing health facility, consider the following: I. The quality of facilities must be excellent. II. The distance from your house or workplace must be accessible and convenient.  Health care plans and financing systems – a systematic plan of health services rendered to the people including organizing and networking health facilities and human resources to carry out the task. A. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) created in 1995 B. HMO – another type of health insurance in the Philippines IC – Insurance Commission Quackery – a form of health fraud in the advertisement, promotion or sale of products and services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective. Characteristics of Health Quackery 1. It is progressive – it follows legitimate science and say that whatever they are promoting is the latest and greatest in science. 2. It is big business – quacks are often very successful. They make millions from those who fall for their schemes. 3. It is for incurable conditions – it exploits individuals who are diagnosed with illnesses that are known to have no cure. 4. It multiplies fast – it targets those who are hopeless in their conditions and offer cure and hope. Why quackery persists and seems to work 1. Ignorance – The false yet powerful promises are employed by many marketing agencies at the core of their techniques. 2. Placebo effect – He/she feels better because his/her mind says he/she should feel better. 3. Self-limiting conditions – The conditions run their course even if the person does nothing at all. 4. Sleight of hand/use of magic trick – Psychic surgery is an example of fakery that some quacks use to promote a false product. Types of quackery A. Medical quackery – includes cures, treatments, and remedies to various health conditions that are drugless or bloodless in nature. B. Nutrition quackery – involves promotions of food ads and other nutritional practices that claim to be all natural. C. Device Quackery – make use of miraculous gadgets (dials , gauges, electrodes, magnets, and blinkers) that are believed to cure certain health conditions.  Unproven treatment A. Miracle cure B. Quick fix C. Ancient remedy D. Secret ingredients E. Scientific breakthrough Harmful physical and psychological effects 1. Economic harm – quackery in their quest for a remedy in hopeless cases. 2. Direct harm -Dubious therapies can cause death, serious injury, unnecessary suffering, disfigurement and lingering and worsening of diseases. 3. Psychological effects – fake diagnosis makes one suffer the mental anguish of thing he/she has a dreaded disease. 4. Societal harm – large number of people hold wrong beliefs Complementary and Alternative Health Care Modalities – Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) -The Department of Health (DOH) - Philippines Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Herbal Medicine -DOH endorsed 10 medicinal plants to be used as medical medicine. -Medicinal plants can be used as part of salads, herbal teas, herbal tinctures and supplements. 1. Akapulko (Cassia Alata) also called Ringworm bush or shrub and Acapulco -used to treat tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies, and itchiness. -Squeeze the juice and apply on affected areas. - As an expectorant, drink decoction of the leaves after soaking it for 10-15 minutes. Can be also used as a mouthwash stringent, and wash for eczema. 2. Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) also called “bitter melon” or “bitter ground” – treatment of diabetes, coughs, burns and scalds, IT is being studied for anticancer properties. The fruit and leaves can be juiced and taken orally. Leaves may also be warmed and applied to afflicted areas. -Powdered leaves and root decoction may be used as stringent and applied to treat hemorrhoids. 3. Bawang (Allium Satvicum) also called garlic; low herbs, that only grows up to 60 centimeters high; has flat and linear leaves, with bulbs that consist of several tubers. -with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antihypertensive properties to treat infections. Also Widely used to reduce cholesterols level in blood  -Decoction of the bawang bulbs and leaves are used as treatment for fever, nasal congestion, steam and inhale: vinegar, chopped garlic and water. 4. Bayabas (Psidium guajava) also called guava -used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial and anti- cough. -Warm decoction is used for gargling. The freshly pounded are used as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. 5. Lagundi (Vitex negundo) also know as a “5-leaved chaste tree” -use to treat cough, colds, and fever. It is also used as a relief for asthma and pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils and diarrhea. -Decoct by boiling raw fruits or leaves in 2 glasses of water in 15 minutes. For headache, rheumatism and insect bites, crush or pound the leaves and apply on forehead for headache or apply directly over affected area for rheumatism and insect bites. 6. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) also known as “Chinese honeysuckie” -used to eliminate intestinal parasites -only dried matured seeds are medicine. Crack and ingest the dried seeds 2 hours after eating (5-7 seeds for children and 8-20 seeds for adults). 7. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) also called “Ngai camphor or blumea camphor” strongly aromatic herbs that growls tall and erect. -used to treat kidney stones, wounds, and cuts, rheumatism, diarrhea, spasms, colds, coughs, and hypertensions. -Decoct sambong leaves like tea and drink a glass 3-4 times a day. The leabes can also be crushed or pounded and mixed with coconut oil. 8. Tsaang gubat (ehretia microphylla lam) also called wild tea. -taken as a tea treat skin allergies including eczema, scabies, and itchiness of wounds in childbirth. -Prepares like tea and use as a mouthwash since this shrub has high fluoride content. 9. Ulasimang bato/Pansit pansitan (Pepermia pellucida) can be found wild on lightly shaded and damp areas such as nooks, walls, yards, and even roots. -known for being effective in treating arthritis and gout. -These leaves can be eaten fresh as salad or like tea. For decoction, boil a cup of clean chopped leaves in 2 cups of water, boil for 15-20 minutes, strain, then let cool. Drink a cup after meals. 10. Yerba Buena (Clinopodiu, douglasii) also known as peppermint -used as analgesic to relieve body aches and pain due to rheumatism and gout. It is also used to treat coughs, colds, and insect bites.  -This can taken internally as a decoction or externally by pounding the leaves and by applying directly on the afflicted area. Different therapies that are still evident today I. Acupuncture – involves pricking the skin or tissues with needles used to alleviate pain and treat various physical, mental and emotional conditions. Originating in ancient China, acupuncture is now widely practiced in the West. II. Ventosa massage cupping therapy – massage is the systematic manipulation of the soft tissues of the body using specific techniques like kneading, tapping, stroking, and friction to relax the muscles. -Cupping therapy is an ancient form of alternative medicine that utilizes special cups placed on the skin for a few minutes to create suction. A. In dry cupping – therapist puts a flammable substance such as alcohol, herbs, or cotton in a cup and sets it on fire. B. Wet cupping – the application of a mild suction using a heated pump or a cup on the skin and extract a small amount of blood that is then treated with antibiotics to avoid infection. III. Reflexology – the application of appropriate pressure to specific points and areas on some parts of the body. Believed that these reflex points correspond to different body organs and systems and that pressing them has a beneficial effect on the person’s health. -The thumb and fingers are usually used to apply appropriate pressure to specific areas. Reflexology holds a specific arch of the foot that corresponds to a specific organ.