Y9 Climate Change Revision 2024 PDF

Climate Change Revision  Definitions  Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and other measures of climate that occur over several decades or longer.  Global warming is a gradual increase in the earth's tem...

Climate Change Revision  Definitions  Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and other measures of climate that occur over several decades or longer.  Global warming is a gradual increase in the earth's temperature generally due to the greenhouse effect  The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.  Definitions  Enhanced greenhouse effect - Human activities – particularly burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), agriculture and land clearing – are increasing the concentrations of greenhouse gases. This is increasing the greenhouse effect, which is contributing to warming of the Earth  Fossil Fuels - Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals. These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy. Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.  Evidence For Climate Change Ice Cores An ice core is a sample taken from a glacier or ice sheet. It involves drilling down into the ice and removing a cylinder of ice. As ice is formed in layers it is possible to analyse gasses from each year. From this, scientists can work out the temperature at the time. Ice cores can be taken from Antarctica that provides information for the last 400 000 years. It has been possible to gather data from the last 5 million years by using this technique. Temperature Records Thermometers have been used to accurately measure temperature since the 1850s. This provides reliable, short-term data on climate change. This information can be shown on graphs. Tree Rings For each year a tree grows it forms a new ring. The width of the ring gives an indication of the climatic conditions for the year. The thicker the ring the warmer and wetter the climate for that year. Tree rings are useful for giving an indication of climatic conditions over time.  Evidence: Art Work Abraham Hondius’s painting A Little Ice Age – a period of Frost Fair on the Thames at cooling between 1300 and Temple Stairs (c1684 – during the 1870 in the northern last mini ice age). Photograph: hemisphere Museum of London/Heritage Evidence: Melting Ice Sheets Evidence: Evidence: Warning Signs from Nature  Changes in temperature and rainfall can change the distribution and behaviour of animals. Polar Bears in Hudson Bay, Canada 1,200 polar bears Hunt on the ice during Spring Put on 50-75% of their body fat in these months But: Ice in Hudson Bay melts 3 weeks earlier now Less chance for the bears to feed Come on to shore 10kg lighter  Human Causes of Climate Change Fossil Fuels Global warming is caused by the increases in the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases being released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels. These gases add to the natural greenhouse effect. Causing global temperatures to rise. Deforestation Deforestation also leads to a greater concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Trees act as a carbon store as they absorb carbon dioxide. Removing this store leads to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the  Human Causes of Climate Change Population Growth World population growth has led to a greater demand for food. As the result of this farming has intensified and more animals are reared on farms. This naturally leads to an increase in greenhouse gases such as methane. Agriculture 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. Cattle produce methane during digestion. Microbes produce methane as they decay the organic matter under the water of flooded rice paddy fields. As population increases, more food is required. When countries increase their standard of life, there is almost always an  Social Effects Of Climate Change People living on or close to low lying coastal areas will need to migrate due to their land becoming flooded with sea water. This could cause overpopulation in other areas. Water scarcity will increase in some areas due to lower levels of precipitation. Precipitation levels will increase in some areas of the world e.g. UK leading to a greater risk of flooding, leading to people's homes and lives being destroyed. Economic Effects Of Climate Change  As the weather becomes more extreme, more money will need to be spent on forecasting and preventative measures to reduce the risk of flooding. Also, some countries will need to allocate a greater proportion of their GDP to supporting communities following extreme weather events.  Farmers in higher altitude locations could benefit from an increase in temperature, whereas those at a lower altitude could find they experience lower crop yields due to increasing temperatures. Environmental Effects Of Climate Change Increasing temperatures are causing both ice sheets and glaciers to melt. This is leading to water currently being stored as ice on land, returning to oceans. This results in sea level rise. As temperatures are increasing sea ice, such as that found in the Arctic, is melting, leading to the loss of habitats. This is already having a negative impact on polar bear communities. Sea level rise will result in more flooding in low lying coastal areas. Areas such as the Maldives are likely to flood more often. Rates of coastal erosion will increase as sea levels rise. In addition to this, Environmental Effects Of Climate Change Rates of coastal erosion will increase as sea levels rise. In addition to this, the increased number of intense storm events will contribute towards coastal erosion. Coral reefs are experiencing bleaching due to sea temperatures increasing. When water is too warm, corals will expel the algae living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white As temperature and precipitation levels change across the world the distribution of species and biodiversity will change from area to area. Species found in the tropics will now be found in higher latitudes. In other cases, habitats will be completely destroyed due to climate change. How do hurricanes link to climate change?  Seas get warmer  Hurricanes get stronger as a result  Hurricanes will continue to grow further away from the equator whereas in the past, they would have shrunk due to the water getting colder.  Hurricanes are becoming more common and are getting even stronger due to the increasing temperatures of the sea  Exam Technique: Command Words  Assess: Make an informed judgement.  Compare :Identify similarities and differences.  Describe: Set out characteristics.  Discuss: Present key points about different ideas or strengths and weaknesses of an idea.  Explain: Give purposes or reasons.  Exam Technique: Command Words  Identify: Name or otherwise characterise.  State: Express in clear terms.  Outline: Set out main characteristics.  Suggest: Present a possible case.  To what extent: Judge the importance or success of (strategy, scheme, project). Long Answer Question Structure Complete the story: ‘The chicken crossed the road… Because... Therefore... This leads to... Long Answer Question Structure Make a point Becaus Why is it good/bad/proving a e point? Leads What are the knock on effects? to Therefor What is the final outcome? Link e back to the question title.  To What Extent – 9 Marks at GCSE Must look at both sides-even if there is only one point about the Agree Disagre other view, e and then make an overall judgement  To What Extent Develop your points. Use connectives: because, leads to, therefore, this means that, this On one hand I agree that climate results in. change is the result of human actions because…. This means that… therefore… However, on the other hand climate change is natural because…. This means that…. Therefore… Overall, all I agree/disagree/to a  Revision Ideas  Flash Cards  Mind Maps  Revision Clock  Quizzes  Revision Websites  BBC Bitesize  Seneca  Internet Geography