Environment PYQ Workbook PDF

 PRELIMS PRACTICE WORKBOOK ENVIRONMENT CONTENTS  ENVIRONMENT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS.................................................. 01-27 1. Ecology & Environment.........................................................................

 PRELIMS PRACTICE WORKBOOK ENVIRONMENT CONTENTS  ENVIRONMENT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS.................................................. 01-27 1. Ecology & Environment.................................................................................................... 1 2. Biodiversity....................................................................................................................... 4 3. Resource Degradation & Management........................................................................ 10 4. Environmental Pollution................................................................................................ 14 5. Climate Change............................................................................................................... 18 6. Environmental Governance........................................................................................... 19  ENVIRONMENT ANSWERS.................................................................................. 28-67 7. Ecology & Environment.................................................................................................. 28 8. Biodiversity...................................................................................................................... 31 9. Resource Degradation & Management........................................................................ 41 10. Environmental Pollution................................................................................................ 47 11. Climate Change............................................................................................................... 53 12. Environmental Governance........................................................................................... 54  ENVIRONMENT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 1. Consider the following statements: 4. Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) 1. Some mushrooms have medicinal properties. in the desert are as to inhibit water loss? 2. Some mushrooms have psycho-active properties. 1. Hard and waxy leaves 3. Some mushrooms have insecticidal properties. 2. Tiny leaves 4. Some mushrooms have bioluminescent 3. Thorns instead of leaves properties. Select the correct answer using the code given below: How many of the above statements are correct? (a) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (a) Only one (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) Only two 5. Which one of the following is the best description (c) Only three of the term ‘ecosystem’? (d) All four (a) A community of organisms interacting with one 2. Which one of the following is the best example of another repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to present- (b) That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living day extensive marshland? organisms (a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves (c) A community of organisms together with the (b) Marakkanam Salt Pans environment in which they live (c) Naupada Swamp (d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area (d) Rann of Kutch 6. Which one of the following is the correct sequence 3. Consider the following statements: of a food chain? Statements-I: (a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients. (b) Crustaceans-Diatoms-Herrings Statements-II: (c) Diatoms-Herrings-Crustaceans The high temperature and moisture of tropical (d) Crustaceans-Herrings-Diatoms rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly. 7. Consider the following: 1. Bats Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? 2. Bears 3. Rodents (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for The phenomenon of hibernation can be observed in Statement-I which of the above kinds of animals? (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct (a) 1 and 2 only and Statement-II is not the correct explanation (b) 2 only for Statement-I (c) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Hibernation cannot be observed in any of the (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct above 1 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in 8. With reference to food chains in ecosystems, 14. Which of the following adds/add nitrogen to the soil? consider the following statements: 1. Excretion of Urea by animals 1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a 2. Burning of coal by man chain of organisms feed upon each other. 2. Food chains are found within the populations of 3. Death of vegetation a species. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only organism which are eaten by others. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 (a) 1 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 15. With reference to the wetlands of India, consider (b) 1 and 2 only (d) None the following statements: 9. Which one of the following terms describes not 1. The country’s total geographical area under the only the physical space occupied by an organism, category of wetlands is recorded more in Gujrat but also its functional role in the community of as compared to other states organisms? 2. In India, the total geographical area of coastal (a) Ecotone (c) Habitat wetlands is larger than that of inland wetlands (b) Ecological niche (d) Home range Which of the above statements is/are correct? 10. In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 as a part of an ecological succession because of: (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) Insects and fungi 16. Consider the following: (b) Limited sunlight and paucity of nutrients 1. Photosynthesis. (c) Water limits and fire 2. Respiration. (d) None of the above 3. Decay of organic matter. 11. Which one of the following is the correct 4. Volcanic action. sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing Which of the above add carbon dioxide to the carbon productivity? cycle on earth? (a) Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves (a) 1 and 4 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans (d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grasslands 17. In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase the 12. Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/ marine productivity by bringing the: occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface. 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Nutrients to the surface. 2. Tiny leaves or no leaves 3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to- the surface. 3. Thorns instead of leaves Which of the above statements is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (d) 3 only (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 13. With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, 18. The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that which of the following kinds of organism is/are mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge known as decomposer organism/organisms? against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge? 1. Virus 2. Fungi (a) The mangrove swamps separate the human 3. Bacteria settlements from the sea by a wide zone in which people neither live nor venture out. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (b) The mangroves provide both food and medicines (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only which people are in need of after any natural (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 disaster. 2 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK (c) The mangrove trees are tall with dense canopies (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only and serve as art excellent shelter during a cyclone (c) 1, 3 and 5 only or tsunami. (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (d) The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots. 23. Which of the following have species that can establish symbiotic relationship with other 19. A pesticide which is a chlorinated hydrocarbon is organisms? sprayed on a food crop. The food chain is: Food 1. Cnidarians crop – Rat – Snake – Hawk. In this food chain, the highest concentration of the pesticide would 2. Fungi accumulate in which one of the following? 3. Protozoa (a) Food crop (c) Snake Select the correct answer using the code given below: (b) Rat (d) Hawk (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 20. What is the use of biochar in farming? (c) 1 and 3 only 1. Biochar can be used as a part of the growing medium in vertical farming. (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. When biochar is a part of the growing medium, 24. Which one of the following lakes of West Africa has it promotes the growth of nitrogen-fixing become dry and turned into a desert ? microorganisms. 3. When biochar is a part of the growing medium, (a) Lake Victoria it enables the growing medium to retain water (b) Lake Faguibine for longer time. (c) Lake Oguta Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (d) Lake Volta (a) 1 and 2 only 25. “If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs (b) 2 only of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its (c) 1 and 3 only kidneys.” Which one of the following functions of (d) 1, 2 and 3 wetlands best reflects the above statements? (a) The water cycle in wetlands involves surface 21. In case of which one of the following biogeochemical runoff, subsoil percolation and evaporation. cycles the weathering of rocks is the main source (b) Algae from the nutrient base upon which of release of nutrient to enter the cycle? fish, crustaceans, molluscs, birds, reptiles and (a) Carbon cycle mammals thrive. (b) Nitrogen cycle (c) Wetlands play a vital role in maintaining (c) Phosphorus cycle sedimentation balance and soil stabilization. (d) Sulphur cycle (d) Aquatic plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients. 22. Which of the following are detritivores? 26. The “Miyawaki method” is well known for the: 1. Earthworms (a) Promotion of commercial farming in arid and 2. Jellyfish semi-arid areas. 3. Millipedes (b) Development of gardens using genetically 4. Seahorses modified flora. 5. Woodlice (c) Creation of mini forests in urban areas. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (d) Harvesting wind energy on coastal areas and on (a) 1, 2 and 4 only sea surfaces. ******* 3 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in BIODIVERSITY 1. Which one of the following makes a tool with a 6. Consider the following trees: stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree or a log 1. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) of wood? 2. Mahua (Madhuca indica) (a) Fishing cat 3. Teak (Tectona grandis) (b) Orangutan How many of the above are deciduous trees? (c) Otter (a) Only one (c) All three (d) Sloth bear (b) Only two (d) 2. Consider the following statements regarding the 7. Which one of the following National Parks lies Indian squirrels: completely in the temperate alpine zone? 1. They build nests by making burrows in the ground. (a) Manas National Park 2. They store their food materials like nuts and (b) Namdapha National Park seeds in the ground. (c) Neora Valley National Park 3. They are omnivorous. (d) Valley of Flowers National Park How many of the above statements are correct? 8. Consider the following statements: (a) Only one 1. Asiatic lion is naturally found in India only. (b) Only two 2. Double-humped camel is naturally found in (c) All three India only. (d) None 3. One-horned rhinoceros is naturally found in India only. 3. Which of the following organisms perform waggle Which of the statements given above is/are correct? dance for others of their kin to indicate the direction and the distance to a source of their food? (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only (a) Butterflies (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) Dragonflies 9. Which of the following are in Agasthyamala (c) Honeybees Biosphere Reserve? (d) Wasps (a) Neyyar, Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger 4. Consider the following fauna: Reserve 1. Lion-tailed Macaque (b) Mudumalai, Sathyamangalam and Wayanad 2. Malabar Civet Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Silent Valley National 3. Sambar Deer Park How many of the above are generally nocturnal or (c) Kaundinya, Gundla Brahmeswaram and most active after sunset? Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Mukurthi National Park (a) Only one (d) Kawal and Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuaries; (b) Only two and Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (c) All three 10. Consider the following statements: (d) None 1. Some species of turtles are herbivores. 5. Invasive Species Specialist Group’ (that develops 2. Some species of fish are herbivores. Global Invasive Species Database) belongs to 3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores. which one of the following organizations? 4. Some species of snakes are viviparous. (a) The International Union for Conservation of Which of the statements given above are correct? Nature (a) 1 and 3 only (b) The United Nations Environment Programme (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (c) The United Nations World Commission for Environment and Development (c) 2 and 4 only (d) The World Wide Fund for Nature (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 4 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK 11. Consider the following pairs: Select the correct answer using the code given below: Wildlife Naturally found in (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only 1. Blue-finned Mahseer : Cauvery River (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. Irrawaddy Dolphin : Chambal River 17. With reference to ‘Red Sanders’, sometimes seen in 3. Rusty-spotted Cat : Eastern Ghats the news, consider the following statements: Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? 1. It is a tree species found in a part of South India. (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only 2. It is one of the most important trees in the tropical rain forest areas of South India. (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the above statements is/are correct? 12. Consider the following statements: (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 1. Most of the world’s coral reefs are in tropical (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 waters. 2. More than one third of the world’s coral reefs are 18. What is/are unique about ‘Kharai camel’, a breed located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia found in India? and Philippines. 1. It is capable of swimming up to three kilometers in seawater. 3. Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. 2. It survives by grazing on mangroves. 3. It lives in the wild and cannot be domesticated. Which of the above statements is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 13. Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often 19. Recently, our scientists have discovered a new and mentioned in news? distinct species of banana plant which attains a (a) Its extract is widely used in cosmetics. height of about 11 metres and has orange-coloured fruit pulp. In which part of India has it been (b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in discovered? which it grows. (a) Anadaman Islands (c) Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides. (b) Anamalai Forests (d) None of the above (c) Maikala Hills 14. In which one of the following State Pakhui Wildlife (d) Tropical rain forests of northeast Sanctuary is located? 20. In which of the following regions of India are (a) Arunachal Pradesh (c) Meghalaya you most likely to come across the ‘Great Indian (b) Manipur (d) Nagaland Hornbill’ in its natural habitat? (a) Sand deserts of northwest India 15. Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to (b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir which one of the following sites? (c) Salt marshes of western Gujarat (a) Corbett National Park (d) Western Ghats (b) Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary 21. Which of the following National Parks is unique (c) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity? (d) Sariska National Park (a) Bhitarkanika National Park 16. Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the (b) Keibul Lamjao National Park population of species of butterflies, what could be (c) Keoladeo Ghana National Park its likely consequence/consequences? (d) Sultanpur National Park 1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected. 22. With reference to ‘dugong’, a mammal found in 2. There could be a drastic increase in the fungal India, which of the following statements is/are infections of some cultivated plants. correct? 3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some 1. It is a herbivorous marine animal. species of wasps, spiders and birds. 2. It is found along the entire coast of India. 5 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in 3. It is given legal protection under Schedule I of 28. The most important strategy for the conservation the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1974. of biodiversity together with traditional human life is the establishment of Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) Biosphere reserves (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) Botanical gardens (b) 2 only (d) 3 only (c) National parks 23. Which one of the following is the national aquatic (d) Wildlife sanctuaries animal of India? (a) Saltwater crocodile 29. Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a (b) Olive ridley turtle symbiotic association of: (c) Gangetic dolphin (a) Algae and bacteria (c) Bacteria and fungi (d) Gharial (b) Algae and fungi (d) Fungi and mosses 24. Which one of the following regions of India has a 30. With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which of combination of mangrove forest, evergreen forest the following statements is/are correct? and deciduous forest? 1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are (a) North Coastal Andhra Pradesh declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, (b) South-West Bengal 1972 (c) Southern Saurashtra 2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities, (d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands in those zones except agriculture. 25. Which one of the following National Parks has a Select the correct answer using the code given below: climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 temperate and arctic? (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) Khangchendzonga National Park (b) Nandadevi National Park 31. Which of the following have coral reefs? 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (c) Neora Valley National Park 2. Gulf of Kachchh (d) Namdapha National Park 3. Gulf of Mannar 26. Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons 4. Sunderbans for the decline in the population of Ganges River Select the correct answer using the code given below: Dolphins? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only 1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers 2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers (b) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally 32. Consider the following animals: 4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural 1. Sea cow chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers 2. Sea horse Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. Sea lion (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only Which of the above is/are mammal/ mammals? (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only 27. If you walk through countryside, you are likely to (b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 see some birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects, disturbed by their movement through 33. In which of the following States is lion-tailed grasses.Which of the following is/are such bird/ macaque found in its natural habitat? birds? 1. Tamil Nadu 1. Painted Stork 2. Kerala 2. Common Myna 3. Karnataka 3. Black-necked Crane 4. Andhra Pradesh Select the correct answer using the code given below: Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (b) 2 only (d) 3 only (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 6 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK 34. Consider the following : 39. In which one among the following categories 1. Star tortoise of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biomass? 2. Monitor lizard 3. Pygmy hog (a) Biosphere reserves 4. Spider monkey (b) National parks Which of the above found in India? (c) Wetlands declared under Ramsar convention (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) Wildlife sanctuaries (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 40. Which one of the following groups of animals 35. Consider the following fauna of India: belongs to the category of endangered species? 1. Gharial (a) Great Indian Bustard, Musk Deer, Red Panda, 2. Leatherback turtle Asiatic Wild Ass 3. Swamp deer (b) Kashmir Stag, Cheetah, Blue Bull, Great Indian Bustard. Which of the above is/are endangered? (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Snow Leopard, Swamp Deer, Rhesus Monkey, Saras (Crane) (b) 3 only (d) None (d) Lion Tailed Macaque, Blue Bull, Hanuman 36. Government of India encourages the cultivation Langur, Cheetah of ‘sea buckthorn’. What is the importance of this plant? 41. Which of the following can be threats to the 1. It helps in controlling soil erosion and in biodiversity of a geographical area? preventing desertification. 1. Global warming 2. It is a rich source of biodiesel. 2. Fragmentation of habitat 3. It has nutritional value and is well-adapted to 3. Invasion of alien species live in cold areas of high altitudes. 4. Promotion of vegetarianism 4. Its timber is of great commercial value. Select the correct answer using the code given below: Which of the above statements is/ are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 42. Consider the following: 37. Other than resistance to pests, what are the prospects for which genetically engineered plants 1. Black necked crane have been created? 2. Cheetah 1. To enable them to withstand drought 3. Flying squirrel 2. To increase the nutritive value of the produce 4. Snow leopard 3. To enable them to grow and do photosynthesis in Which of the above are naturally found in India? spaceships and space stations (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only 4. To increase their shelf life (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Select the correct answer using the code given below (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 only 43. What would happen if phytoplankton of an ocean (b) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 is completely destroyed for some reason? 1. The ocean as a carbon sink would be adversely 38. Consider the following protected areas: affected. 1. Bandipur 2. The food chains in the ocean would be adversely 2. Bhitarkanika affected. 3. Manas 3. The density of ocean water would drastically 4. Sunderbans decrease. Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 7 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in 44. What is the difference between the antelopes Oryx Which three of the above are correct criteria in this and Chiru? context? (a) Oryx is adapted to live in hot and arid areas like (a) 1, 2 and 6 (c) 1, 3 and 5 Africa and Arabia whereas Chiru is adapted to (b) 2, 4 and 6 (d) 3, 4 and 6 live in steppes and semi-desert areas of cold high mountains of Tibetan Plateau. 49. Consider the following statements: (b) Oryx is poached for its antlers whereas Chiru is 1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower poached for its musk latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes. 2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity (c) Oryx exists in western India only whereas Chiru is normally greater in the lower altitudes as exists in north east India only. compared to the higher altitudes. (d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above Which of the above statements is/are correct? is correct. (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 45. Consider the following kinds of organisms: (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. Bat 50. Some species of plants are insectivorous. Why? 2. Bee (a) Their growth in shady and dark places does not 3. Bird allow them to undertake sufficient photosynthesis Which of the above is/are pollinating agent/agents? and thus they depend on insects for nutrition (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) They are adapted to grow in nitrogen deficient soils and thus depend on insects for sufficient (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 nitrogenous nutrition (c) They cannot synthesize certain vitamins 46. Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence themselves and depend on the insects digested by in the following ways: them 1. Soil formation (d) They have remained in that particular stage 2. Prevention of soil erosion of evolution as living fossils, a link between 3. Recycling of waste autotrophs and heterotrophs 4. Pollination of crops 51. Consider the following statements: Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1. The Taxus tree is naturally found in the Himalayas (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only 2. The Taxus tree is listed in the Red Data Book ? (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 3. A drug called “taxol” is obtained from Taxus tree is effective against Parkinson’s disease 47. A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators Which of the above statements is/are correct? in that area but its existence is threatened due to (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the (b) 1 and 2 only (d) 3 only following could be that animal? (a) Indian Wild Buffalo 52. King Cobra is the only snake that makes its own nest. Why does it make its nest? (b) Indian Wild Ass (a) It is a snake-eater and the nest helps attract other (c) Indian Wild Boar snakes (d) Indian Gazelle (b) It is a viviparous snake and needs a nest to give birth to its offspring 48. Three of the following criteria have contributed (c) It is an oviparous snake and lays its eggs in the to the recognition of Western Ghats-Sri Lanka and nest and guards the nest until they are hatched Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity: (d) It is a large, cold blooded animal and needs a nest 1. Species richness to hibernate in the cold season 2. Vegetation density 3. Endemism 53. Consider the following statements: 1. Biodiversity hotspots are located only in tropical 4. Ethno-botanical importance regions. 5. Threat perception 2. India has four biodiversity hotspots i.e., Eastern 6. Adaptation of flora and fauna to warm and Himalayas, Western Himalayas, Western Ghats humid conditions and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 8 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK Which of the above statements is/ are correct? 59. Which of the following are the most likely places to (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 find the musk deer in its natural habitat? 1. Ascot Wildlife Sanctuary (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Gangotri National Park 54. Consider the following statements: 3. Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary 1. The boundaries of a National Park are defined 4. Manas National Park by legislation. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2. A Biosphere Reserve is declared to conserve a few specific species of flora and fauna. (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 and 4 only 3. In a Wildlife Sanctuary, limited biotic (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 4 only interference is permitted. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 60. With reference to India’s Desert National Park, which of the following statements are correct? (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only 1. It is spread over two districts (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. There is no human habitation inside the park. 55. Consider the following pairs: 3. It is one of the natural habitats of Great Indian Protected area Well-known for Bustard. 1. Bhiterkanika, Orissa Salt Water Crocodile Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2. Desert National Park, Great Indian Bustard (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only Rajasthan (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 3. Eravikulam, Kerala Hoolak Gibbon Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? 61. Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one (a) 1 only (c) 2 only has the largest area under “Critical Tiger Habitat”? (b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) Corbett 56. Which of the following Protected Areas are located (b) Ranthambore in Cauvery basin? (c) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam 1. Nagarhole National Park (d) Sunderbans 2. Papikonda National Park 3. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve 62. Which one of the following is a filter feeder? 4. Wayanad Wildlife Sancturary (a) Catfish (c) Oyster Select the correct answer using the code given below: (b) Octopus (d) Pelican (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 only 63. With reference to “Gucchi” sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements: (c) 1, 3 and 4 only 1. It is a fungus. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 2. It grows in some Himalayan forest areas. 57. With reference to India’s biodiversity, Ceylon 3. It is commercially cultivated in the Himalayan frogmouth, Coppersmith barbet, Gray-chinned foothills of north- eastern India. minivet and White-throated redstart are (a) Birds Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (b) Primates (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 2 only (c) Reptiles (b) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only (d) Amphibians 64. Which of the following is not a bird? 58. Which one of the following protected areas is well- (a) Golden Mahseer (c) Spoonbill known for the conservation of a sub-species of the (b) Indian Nightjar (d) White Ibis Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and is exclusively graminivorous? 65. Which of the following are nitrogen-fixing plants ? (a) Kanha National Park 1. Alfalfa (b) Manas National Park 2. Amaranth (c) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary 3. Chickpea (d) Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary 4. Clover 9 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in 5. Purslane (Kulfa) animal is entitled for equal protection whether it 6. Spinach is found in protected areas or outside. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient (a) 1, 3 and 4 only ground for its capture or killing. (b) 1, 3, 5 and 6 only Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) 2, 4, 5 and 6 only (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 (b) 2 only (d) 3 only 66. With reference to Indian laws about wildlife 67. Certain species of which one of the following protection, consider the following statements: organisms are well known as cultivators of fungi? 1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government. (a) Ant (c) Crab 2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such (b) Cockroach (d) Spider RESOURCE DEGRADATION & MANAGEMENT 1. Ilmenite and rutile, abundantly available in (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct certain coastal tracts of India, are rich sources of and Statement-II is not the correct explanation which one of the following? for Statement-I (a) Aluminium (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (b) Copper (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct (c) Iron 4. Consider the following States: (d) Titanium 1. Chhattisgarh 2. Consider the following statements: 2. Madhya Pradesh 1. Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture of 3. Maharashtra components used in automobiles and aircrafts. 4. Odisha 2. Carbon fibres once used cannot be recycled. With reference to the States mentioned above, in Which of the statements given above is/are correct? terms of percentage of forest cover to the total area (a) 1 only of State, which one of the following is the correct ascending order? (b) 2 only (a) 2-3-1-4 (c) 3-2-4-1 (c) Both 1 and 2 (b) 2-3-4-1 (d) 3-2-1-4 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 5. In the context of which one of the following are 3. Consider the following statements: the terms ‘pyrolysis and plasma gasification’ Statement-I: mentioned? According to the United Nations’ ‘World Water (a) Extraction of rare earth elements Development Report, 2022’, India extracts more than (b) Natural gas extraction technologies quarter of the world’s groundwater withdrawal each year. (c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles Statement-II: (d) Waste-to-energy technologies India needs to extract more than a quarter of the World’s groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking 6. As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world’s in India, which one of the following statements is population living in its territory. correct? Which one of the following is correct in respect of the (a) Waste generator has to segregate waste into five above statements? categories. (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct (b) The Rules are applicable to notified urban local and Statement-II is the correct explanation for bodies, notified towns and all industrial townships Statement-I only. 10 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK (c) The Rules provide for exact and elaborate criteria 11. It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but for the identification of sites for landfills and what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing waste processing facilities. countries in promoting this industry? (d) It is mandatory on the part of waste generator 1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents. that the waste generated in one district cannot be moved to another district. 2. Setting up and engineering the algae based biofuel production requires high level of 7. With reference to agricultural soils, consider the expertise/technology until the construction is following statements: completed. 1. A high content of organic matter in soil drastically 3. Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large scale facilities which may reduces its water holding capacity. raise ecological and social concerns. 2. Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands. (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only 12. Which of the following is/are the advantage/ advantages of practicing drip irrigation? (b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 1. Reduction in weed 8. With reference to the circumstances in India 2. Reduction in soil salinity agriculture, the concept of “Conservation 3. Reduction in soil erosion Agriculture” assumes significance. Which of the Select the correct answer using the code given below: following fall under the Conservation Agriculture? 1. Avoiding the monoculture practices. (a) 1 and 2 only 2. Adopting minimum tillage (b) 3 only 3. Avoiding the cultivation of plantation crops (c) 1 and 3 only 4. Using crop residues to cover soil surface (d) None of the above is an advantage of practicing drip irrigation 5. Adopting spatial and temporal crop sequencing/ crop rotations 13. ‘Net metering’ is sometimes seen in the news in the Select the correct answer using the code given below: context of promoting the (a) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2, 4 and 5 only (a) production and use of solar energy by the households/consumers (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only (b) use of piped natural gas in the kitchens of 9. Which of the following practices can help in water households conservation in agriculture? (c) installation of CNG kits in motor- cars 1. Reduced or zero tillage of the land (d) installation of water meters in urban households 2. Applying gypsum before irrigating the field 14. Why does the Government of India promote the 3. Allowing crop residue to remain in the field use of ‘Neem-coated Urea’ in agriculture? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) Release of Neem oil in the soil increases nitrogen (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only fixation by the soil microorganisms (b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) Neem coating slows down the rate of dissolution of urea in the soil 10. The term ‘Domestic Content Requirement’ is (c) Nitrous oxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is not at sometimes seen in the news with reference to all released into atmosphere by crop fields (a) Developing solar power production in our (d) It is a combination of a weedicide and a fertilizer country. for particular crops (b) Granting licenses to foreign T.V. channels in our 15. What can be the impact of excessive/inappropriate country. use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture? (c) Exporting our food products to other countries. 1. Proliferation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (d) Permitting foreign educational institutions to set in soil can occur. up their campuses in our country. 2. Increase in the acidity of soil can take place. 11 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in 3. Leaching of nitrate to the ground-water can 20. In India, cluster bean (Guar) is traditionally used occur. as a vegetable or animal feed, but recently the cultivation of this has assumed significance. Which Select the correct answer using the code given below: one of the following statements is correct in this (a) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only context? (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) The oil extracted from seeds is used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics 16. In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated (b) The gum made from its seeds is used in the with which of the following? extraction of shale gas 1. Terrace cultivation (c) The leaf extract of this plant has the properties of 2. Deforestation anti-histamines 3. Tropical climate (d) It is a source of high quality biodiesel Select the correct answer using the code given below: 21. Consider the following organisms: (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only 1. Agaricus (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. Nostoc 3. Spirogyra 17. With reference to two non-conventional energy sources called ‘coalbed methane’ and ‘shale gas’, Which of the above is/are used as biofertiliser/ consider the following ‘statements: biofertilisers? 1. Coalbed methane is the pure methane gas (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only extracted from coal seams, while shale gas is a (b) 2 only (d) 3 only mixture of propane and butane only that can be extracted from fine-grained sedimentary rocks. 22. Consider the following agricultural practices: 2. In India abundant coalbed methane sources 1. Contour bunding exist, but so far no shale gas sources have been 2. Relay cropping found. 3. Zero tillage Which of the statements given above is/are correct? In the context of global climate change, which of the (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 above helps/help in carbon sequestration/storage in the soil? (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 18. With reference to Neem tree, consider the (b) 3 only (d) None following statements: 1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control 23. Consider the following kinds of organisms: the proliferation of some species of insects and 1. Bacteria mites. 2. Fungi 2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of 3. Flowering plants biofuels and hospital detergents. Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms 3. Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical are employed as bio-pesticides? industry. (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 24. Biomass gasification is considered to be one of the sustainable solutions to the power crisis in India. 19. Consider the following statements: In this context, which of the following statements 1. Maize can be used for the production of starch. is/are correct? 2. Oil extracted from maize can be a feedstock for 1. Coconut shells, groundnut shells and rice husk biodiesel. can be used in biomass gasification. 3. Alcoholic beverages can be produced by using 2. The combustible gases generated from biomass maize. gasification consist of hydrogen and carbon dioxide only. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 3. The combustible gases generated from biomass (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only gasification can be used for direct heat generation (b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 but not in internal combustion engines. 12 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only (a) 1, 2, 5 and 6 only (c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3, 4 and 6 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 25. Given below are the names of four energy crops. 30. Consider the following statements: Which one of them can be cultivated for ethanol? 1. 36% of India’s districts are classified as (a) Jatropha (c) Pongamia “overexploited” or “critical” by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA). (b) Maize (d) Sunflower 2. CGWA was formed under the Environment 26. Which feature of some species of blue-green algae (Protection) Act. helps promote them as bio-fertilizers? 3. India has the largest area under groundwater (a) They convert atmospheric methane into ammonia irrigation in the world. which the crop plants can absorb readily Which of the statement given above is/are correct? (b) They induce the crop plants to produce the (a) 1 only (c) 2 only enzymes which help convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only (c) They have the mechanism to convert atmospheric 31. “System of Rice Intensification” of cultivation, in nitrogen into a form that the crop plants can which alternate wetting and drying of rice fields is absorb readily practised, results in : (d) They induce the roots of the crop plants to absorb 1. Reduced seed requirement the soil nitrates in larger quantities 2. Reduced methane production 27. Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia 3. Reduced electricity consumption pinnata also considered a good option for the Select the correct answer using the code given below: production of bio-diesel in India? 1. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only arid regions of India (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in lipid content of which nearly half is oleic acid 32. With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the Which of the statements given above is/are correct? use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements: (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 1. Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 fibres to reinforce their properties. 28. What is/are the advantage/advantages of zero 2. Containers made of it can be used to store any tillage in agriculture? alcoholic beverage. 1. Sowing of wheat is possible without burning the 3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other residue of previous crop. products. 2. Without the need for nursery of rice saplings, 4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by direct planting of paddy seeds in the wet soil is incineration without causing greenhouse gas possible. emmisions. 3. Carbon sequestration in the soil is possible. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (b) 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 33. “Biorock technology” is talked about in which one 29. According to India’s National Policy on Biofuels, of the following situations? which of the following can be used as raw materials for the production of biofuels? (a) Restoration of damaged coral reefs 1. Cassava (b) Development of building materials using plant 2. Damaged wheat grains residues 3. Groundnut seeds (c) Identification of areas for exploration/extraction 4. Horse gram of shale gas 5. Rotten potatoes (d) Providing salt licks for wild animals in forests/ 6. Sugar beet protected areas 13 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 1. Consider the following: How many of the statements given above are correct? 1. Aerosols (a) Only one 2. Foam agents (b) Only two 3. Fire retardants (c) All three 4. Lubricants (d) None In the making of how many of the above are hydrofluorocarbons used? 5. “Wolbachia method’ is sometimes talked about (a) Only one with reference to which one of the following? (b) Only two (a) Controlling the viral diseases spread by (c) Only three mosquitoes. (d) All four (b) Converting crop residues into packing material (c) Producing biodegradable plastics. 2. With reference to green hydrogen, consider the following statements: (d) Producing biochar from thermo-chemical 1. It can be used directly as a fuel for internal conversion of biomass. combustion. 2. It can be blended with natural gas and used as 6. With reference to coal-based thermal power plants fuel for heat or power generation. in India, consider the following statements: 3. It can be used in the hydrogen fuel cell to run 1. None of them uses seawater. vehicles. 2. None of them is set up in water-stressed district. How many of the above statements are correct? 3. None of them is privately owned. (a) Only one How many of the above statements are correct? (b) Only two (a) Only one (c) All three (b) Only two (d) None (c) All three 3. Consider the following statements regarding (d) None mercury pollution: 1. Gold mining activity is a source of mercury 7. Consider the following statements: pollution in the world. 1. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides into 2. Coal-based thermal power plants cause mercury environment. pollution. 2. Cattle release ammonia into environment. 3. There is no known safe level of exposure to 3. Poultry industry releases reactive nitrogen mercury. compounds into environment. How many of the above statements are correct? Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) Only one (a) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 only (b) Only two (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) All three (d) None 8. In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen- enriched CNG (H-CNG) as fuel for buses in public 4. Which reference to the role of biofilter in transport, consider the following statements: Recirculating Aquaculture System, consider the 1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the following statement: elimination of carbon monoxide emissions. 1. Biofilters provide waste treatment by removing uneaten fish feed. 2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions. 2. Biofilters convert ammonia present in fish waste in nitrate. 3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be 3. Biofilters increase phosphorus as nutrient for blended with CNG as fuel for buses. fish in water. 4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG. 14 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (c) 4 only (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 9. Which of the following statements are correct 14. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard about the deposits of ‘methane hydrate’? criterion for: 1. Global warming might trigger the release of (a) Measuring oxygen levels in blood methane gas from these deposits. (b) Computing oxygen levels in forest ecosystems 2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ arc found in (c) Pollution assay in aquatic ecosystems Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor. 3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon (d) Assessing oxygen levels in high altitude regions dioxide after a decade or two. 15. Consider the following pairs: Select the correct answer using the code given below: Commonly used Unwanted (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only or materials controversial (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 chemicals likely to be found in them: 10. Consider the following: 1. Lipstick Lead 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Soft drinks Brominated vegetable oils 2. Methane 3. Chinese fast food Monosodium glutamate 3. Ozone Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? 4. Sulphur dioxide (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only Which of the above are released into atmosphere due (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 to the burning of crop/biomass residue? (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 4 only 16. In the cities of our country, which among the following atmospheric gases are normally (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 considered in calculating the value of Air Quality Index? 11. In India, the use of carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos is viewed with apprehen- 1. Carbon dioxide sion. These chemicals are used as 2. Carbon monoxide (a) Pesticides in agriculture 3. Nitrogen dioxide (b) Preservatives in processed foods 4. Sulphur Dioxide (c) Fruit-ripening agents 5. Methane (d) Moisturizing agents in cosmetics Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 4 and 5 only 12. Why is there a great concern about the ‘microbeads’ (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 that are released into environment? (a) They are considered harmful to marine 17. With reference to ‘fly ash’ produced by the power ecosystems. plants using coal as fuel, which of the following (b) They are considered to cause skin cancer in statements is/are correct? children. 1. Fly ash can be used in the production of bricks for building construction. (c) They are small enough to be absorbed by crop plants in irrigated fields. 2. Fly ash can be used as a replacement for some of the Portland cement contents of concrete. (d) They are often found to be used as food adulterants. 3. Fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide only, and does not contain any toxic 13. Which of the following is/are the possible elements. consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds? Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1. Decreased salinity in the river. 2. Pollution of groundwater (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only 3. Lowering of the water table (b) 2 only (d) 3 only 15 ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in 18. Brominated flame retardants are used in many 23. Which of the following can be found as pollutants household products like mattresses and upholstery. in the drinking water in some parts of India? Why is there some concern about their use? 1. Arsenic 1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the 2. Sorbitol environment. 3. Fluoride 2. They are able to accumulate in humans and 4. Formaldehyde animals. 5. Uranium Select the correct answer using the code given below: Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (a) 1 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 5 only (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) 2, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 19. Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to 24. Consider the following: the carbon cycle on the planet Earth? 1. Carbon dioxide. 1. Volcanic action 2. Oxides of nitrogen. 2. Respiration 3. Oxides of Sulphur 3. Photosynthesis Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from 4. Decay of organic matter coal combustion at thermal power plants? Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 (a) 1 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 25. Lead, ingested or inhaled, is a health hazard. After the addition of lead to petrol has been banned, 20. Which of the following are some important what still are the sources of lead poisoning? pollutants released by steel industry in India? 1. Smelting units 1. Oxides of sulphur 2. Pens pencils 2. Oxides of nitrogen 3. Paints 4. Hair oils and cosmetics 3. Carbon monoxide Select the correct answer using the codes given 4. Carbon dioxide below: Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only (a) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 1 and 4 only (b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 26. Consider the following statements: Chlorofluor- ocarbons, known as ozone depleting substances 21. Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment are used: by: 1. In the production of plastic foams (a) Carbon dioxide and nitrogen 2. In the production of tubeless tyres (b) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide 3. In cleaning certain electronic components (c) Ozone and carbon dioxide 4. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans (d) Nitrous oxide and Sulphur dioxide Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only 22. Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction (b) 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 among: (a) NO2, O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence 27. The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in of sunlight the air is slowly raising the temperature of the atmosphere, because it absorbs (b) CO, O2 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight (a) The water vapour of the air and retains its heat (c) CO, CO2 and NO2 at low temperature (b) The UV part of the solar radiation (d) High concentration of NO2, O3 and CO in the (c) All the solar radiations evening (d) The infrared part of the solar radiation 16 www.iasscore.in ENVIRONMENT | WORKBOOK 28. Due to improper / indiscriminate disposal of old 32. Consider the following: and used computers or their parts, which of the 1. Oxides of Hydrogen following are released into the environment as 2. Oxides of Nitrogen e-waste? 3. Oxides of Sulphur 1. Beryllium Which of the above causes/cause acid rain? 2. Cadmium (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only 3. Chromium (b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 4. Heptachlor 5. Mercury 33. Excessive release of the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) into the air may produce a condition in which 6. Lead oxygen supply in the human body decrease. What 7. Plutonium causes this condition? Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) When inhaled into the human body, CO is converted into CO2 (a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only (b) The inhaled CO has much higher affinity for (b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only haemoglobin as compared to oxygen (c) 2, 4, 5 and 7 only (c) The inhaled CO destroys the chemical structure of hemoglobin (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (d) The inhaled CO adversely affects the respiratory 29. There is a concern over the increase in harmful center in the brain algal blooms in the sea waters of India. What could 34. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles produce one of the be the causative factors for this phenomenon? following as “exhaust”: 1. Discharge of nutrients from the estuaries. (a) NH3 (c) H2O 2. Run-off from the land during the monsoon. (b) CH4 (d) H2O2 3. Upwelling in the seas. 35. Which of the following are the reasons/factors for Select the correct answer from the codes given below: exposure to benzene pollution? (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only 1. Automobile exhaust (b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. Tobacco smoke 3. Wood burning 30. Human activities in the recent past have caused 4. Using varnished wooden furniture the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in 5. Using products made of polyurethane the atmosphere, but a lot of it does not remain in the lower atmosphere because of: Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1. Its escape into the outer stratosphere. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only 2. The photosynthesis by phyto-plankton in the (b) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 oceans. 36. In rural road construction, the use of which of the 3. The trapping of air in the polar ice caps. following is pr