Language Development Lecture Notes PDF

Language Development Week 9, Chapter 9 Lecture 3 March. 8, 2024 Last class…. Foundations of language: understand the 5 components of language Non-nutritive sucking paradigm to study language processing in infants Infants start learning language in utero and can distinguish between their maternal lan...

Language Development Week 9, Chapter 9 Lecture 3 March. 8, 2024 Last class…. Foundations of language: understand the 5 components of language Non-nutritive sucking paradigm to study language processing in infants Infants start learning language in utero and can distinguish between their maternal language from non-native language We started talking about milestones for language development – understand differences between cooing and babbling 2 Learning words: Semantic Growth Fast Mapping: process of quickly acquiring and retaining a word after hearing it applied a few times Vocabulary Spurt: period of rapid vocabulary learning between 16 and 24 months 3 Learning Words: Semantic Growth Overextension: applying a word too broadly Underextension: applying a word more narrowly than it is usually applied so the word’s use is restricted to a single object 4 Learning Words: Semantic Growth Mutual Exclusivity: An object should have only one name Syntax Learn to combine words into sentences in sophisticated ways and show growth in morphology and syntax Parent conversations and support for language learning linked with faster and more correct language use Overregularization Errors: grammatical mistakes due to applying grammatical rules too stringently 6 Language Development in School-Age Children and Adolescents Metalinguistic Awareness: awareness of and knowledge about the nature and qualities of language Vocabulary expansion and greater understanding of meanings of words Greater development of language pragmatics 7 Language Development During Adulthood Continue to add new words to vocabulary Healthy older adults do not suffer significant losses in ability to use language effectively. Sensory and cognitive processing may affect language comprehension and production. 8 How do we acquire language? Theories of Language Develoment 9 Theories of Language Development: Learning Theory Language is learned through operant conditioning and imitation. Cannot account for unique utterances and errors 10 Theories of Language Development: Nativist Theory Human brain has innate capacity to learn language Language Acquisition Device (LAD): innate facilitator of language that permits infants to quickly and efficiently analyze everyday speech and determine its rules Universal Grammar: innate storehouse of rules that apply to all human languages 11 Theories of Language Development: Interactionist Language influenced by maturation and context responsible for language comprehension controls ability to use language for expression 12 Infant speech perception 13 Infant-Directed Speech Motherese/CDS/Parentese Specific sound characteristics Grammatically simpler Do Infants Prefer Infant Directed Speech? 17 Example of child directed speech Facilitates language development 18 Poverty & Language Development Low SES linked with poorer language development Low SES--less exposure to speech Household instability and disorder Quality of parent–child interactions Hart & Risley, 1995 19 Conversational turn-taking associated with language related brain function Romeo et al., 2018 Conversational turn-taking associated with language related brain function Romeo et al., 2018 Next class….. Finish discussing contextual influences of language development, bilingualism and developmental language disorder 22