Emotional Development In Childhood And Attachment PDF

1 Emotional Development in Childhood and Attachment Chapter 10 March 15, 2024 Reminders Test 2 is April 5th – Register with Accessibility Services before March 22 Science Reflection Assignment Due March 25 Reciprocal relationships between maternal depression and infants’ negative reactions Session 1...

1 Emotional Development in Childhood and Attachment Chapter 10 March 15, 2024 Reminders Test 2 is April 5th – Register with Accessibility Services before March 22 Science Reflection Assignment Due March 25 Reciprocal relationships between maternal depression and infants’ negative reactions Session 1: 3-6 months (BM depressive symptoms) Session 2: 9 months (AM depressive symptoms) Session 3: 18 months (AM depressive symptoms & Parent-Child Teaching task) Session 4: 27 months (AM depressive symptoms) Roben et al., 2015 https://egds.la.psu.edu Reciprocal relationships between maternal depression and infants’ negative reactions Roben et al., 2015 https://egds.la.psu.edu Session 1 Infant 3-6 months Birth Mother (BM) Depressive Symp Session 2 Infant 9 months Adopt Mother (AM) Depressive Symp Session 3 Infant 18 months AM Depressive Symp Parent-Child Task Session 4 Infant 27 months AM Depressive Symp Reciprocal relationships between maternal depression and infants’ negative reactions Roben et al., 2015 https://egds.la.psu.edu Session 1 Infant 3-6 months Birth Mother (BM) Depressive Symp Session 2 Infant 9 months Adopt Mother (AM) Depressive Symp Session 3 Infant 18 months AM Depressive Symp Parent-Child Task AM depressive symptoms predict infant negative in response to mother’s negativity Session 4 Infant 27 months AM Depressive Symp infant negative response to mother significant predictor of AM depressive symptoms BM depressive symptoms influenced the strength of the relationship Both genes and environment influence transactions and emotional responses Emotional Development in Childhood: Emotional Understanding Understanding factors that affect emotions Influence of theory of mind Understanding of mixed or conflicting emotions 6 Interacting with others plays an important role in emotional understanding - Pretend play with siblings and peers - Interaction with parents - Three factors can influence emotion understanding - Castro et al., 2015 Emotion Regulation in Childhood Become better able to manage their emotional experience and how emotions are displayed Influenced by advances in cognitive development, theory of mind, and language development 8 Emotional Development in Childhood Contextual Influences on Children’s Emotional Development Contextual Risks to Emotional Development: Neighborhood and Community Violence: Exposure to community violence presents constant threat to sense of safety Linked with anxiety and PTSD symptoms 9 High exposure to violence associated with desensitization Low levels of depression Protective factors to the effects of violence exposure Parents stress and frustration can impact child adjustment Three protective factors Having supportive person in the environment Have a protected safe place in the neighborhood Personal resources: temperament, intelligence and coping capacities Fostering Resilience in Children Risk factors: individual or contextual challenges that tax their coping capacities and can evoke psychological stress Resilience: ability to respond or perform positively in face of adversity, to achieve despite presence of disadvantages, or to significantly exceed expectations, given poor home, school, and community circumstances Protective factors: influences that promote positive outcomes and reduce poor outcomes associated with adverse circumstances 12 Attachment 14 What is Attachment? A lasting emotional tie between two people who each strive to maintain closeness to the other Theorists: Harry Harlow, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth 15 Harlow’s Attachment Studies with Monkeys Bowlby’s Ethological Perspective on Attachment Attachment is an adaptive behavior that evolved because it contributed to survival of the human species. Signaling behaviors: behaviors aimed at bringing caregivers into contact with infants For example: crying, smiling, cooing, and clinging 17 Bowlby’s Ethological Perspective on Attachment Stages of attachment formation: 1. Indiscriminate Social Responsiveness (birth to 2 months) 2. Discriminating Sociability (2 through 6–7 months) 3. Attachments (7–24 months) 4. Reciprocal Relationships (24–30 months and onward) 18 Bowlby’s Ethological Perspective on Attachment Secure Base: a foundation for an infant to return to when frightened Separation Protest (Separation Anxiety): reaction to separations from attachment figure characterized by fear, distress, crying, and whining Internal Working Model: set of expectations about one’s worthiness of love, the availability of attachment figures during times of distress, and how one will be treated 19