Week 7 Test Bank 3 PDF

 How does the Maisin practice of bride wealth (wii jobi) contribute to balanced clan relationships?\ A) By discouraging lavish wedding ceremonies\ B) By compensating the bride's family for her contributions and children\ C) By requiring matrilocal residence for newlyweds\ D) By prioritizing economi...

 How does the Maisin practice of bride wealth (wii jobi) contribute to balanced clan relationships?\ A) By discouraging lavish wedding ceremonies\ B) By compensating the bride's family for her contributions and children\ C) By requiring matrilocal residence for newlyweds\ D) By prioritizing economic dependency on the groom's family\ E) By ensuring inheritance rights remain within the groom's family\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Bride wealth formalizes the marriage by compensating the bride's family for her contributions, fostering equitable and respectful inter-clan alliances.  How does Tahltan exogamy ensure communal survival?\ A) By discouraging alliances with neighboring groups\ B) By fostering extensive social networks through inter-clan marriages\ C) By requiring matrilocal residence for all unions\ D) By centralizing labor within matrilineal clans\ E) By limiting resource-sharing across clans\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Tahltan exogamy facilitates communal survival by creating extensive social networks, ensuring mutual support, and promoting resource-sharing between clans.  How does monogamy simplify inheritance laws in agricultural societies?\ A) By prioritizing communal land ownership over private property\ B) By ensuring clear lines of descent for property transmission\ C) By reducing disputes over labor rights within the family\ D) By encouraging polygynous unions within wealthy families\ E) By discouraging dowry practices in extended kinship groups\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Monogamy simplifies inheritance by creating clear, linear family structures, which reduce disputes and ensure orderly transmission of property and wealth.  How does polyandry in Himalayan societies address resource scarcity?\ A) By redistributing wealth among all family members\ B) By promoting inter-household competition for land\ C) By concentrating resources within a single household\ D) By encouraging population growth through multiple unions\ E) By discouraging agricultural expansion within communities\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: Polyandry helps preserve scarce resources like land and livestock by concentrating them within a single household, preventing fragmentation.  What is a key distinction between exogamy in South India and Australian Aboriginal societies?\ A) South Indian exogamy requires cross-moiety marriage, while Aboriginal exogamy does not.\ B) Aboriginal exogamy prohibits all cousin marriages, while South Indian exogamy allows them.\ C) Aboriginal exogamy is based on cosmological moieties, while South Indian exogamy involves kinship rules.\ D) South Indian exogamy emphasizes spiritual harmony, while Aboriginal exogamy focuses on caste.\ E) Aboriginal exogamy discourages intermarriage between rival clans, unlike South Indian practices.\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: While South Indian exogamy is structured by kinship and caste, Australian Aboriginal exogamy is governed by cosmological moieties.  How does Maisin society view children in the context of marriage?\ A) As economic resources valued primarily for labor contributions\ B) As competitors for land inheritance within clans\ C) As central to maintaining household and lineage survival\ D) As participants in arranged marriages to reduce external influences\ E) As contributors to dowries for their extended families\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: Children are highly valued in Maisin society, ensuring household continuity and providing care for aging parents, contributing to marriage stability.  How do Maisin elders influence marriage decisions today?\ A) By mandating Anglican Church approval for all unions\ B) By encouraging village endogamy to keep children close\ C) By arranging marriages without consulting younger generations\ D) By prioritizing matrilocal residence over patrilocal traditions\ E) By discouraging reciprocal exchanges of bride wealth\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Maisin elders encourage village endogamy to ensure children remain nearby for caregiving while allowing greater autonomy in partner selection.  What is the role of blessings in Toda polyandrous marriages?\ A) To discourage alliances with neighboring clans\ B) To promote agricultural fertility and harmony within households\ C) To restrict inheritance rights among co-husbands\ D) To emphasize women's roles in inheritance patterns\ E) To encourage competition among co-husbands\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Toda polyandrous marriages include blessings tied to agricultural fertility and household harmony, reflecting their spiritual connection to the land.  How does polygyny function as a status symbol in African pastoralist societies like the Maasai?\ A) By discouraging alliances between competing clans\ B) By demonstrating wealth and the ability to support multiple households\ C) By reducing household economic pressures through communal farming\ D) By emphasizing the role of dowries in marriage arrangements\ E) By centralizing inheritance rights within a single lineage\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Among the Maasai, polygyny serves as a marker of wealth and social status, as it requires significant resources to sustain multiple wives and households.  How does serial monogamy reflect modern Western societal norms?\ A) By discouraging remarriage after the death of a spouse\ B) By promoting communal living across extended families\ C) By normalizing successive exclusive relationships over time\ D) By prioritizing collective kinship ties over individual autonomy\ E) By eliminating the need for property inheritance among families\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: Serial monogamy reflects modern acceptance of changing partnerships while maintaining exclusivity in romantic relationships during each phase.  How does the Maisin practice of \"groom service\" contribute to inter-clan relationships?\ A) By requiring dowry payments from the groom's family\ B) By facilitating alliances through labor contributions for the bride's family\ C) By eliminating the need for resource redistribution across clans\ D) By prioritizing patrilocal residence for newlyweds\ E) By centralizing wealth within the bride's lineage\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Groom service strengthens inter-clan relationships by requiring the prospective groom to work for his in-laws, fostering trust and mutual support.  What is the cultural significance of exogamy in Aboriginal moiety systems?\ A) To concentrate wealth within specific moieties\ B) To ensure resource redistribution between rival clans\ C) To balance cosmological harmony through cross-moiety marriages\ D) To promote genetic isolation within individual moieties\ E) To prioritize matrilocal residence across generations\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: Aboriginal moiety systems enforce exogamy to maintain cosmological harmony, ensuring marriage occurs across complementary social groups.  How does polygyny in horticultural societies like the Yanomami enhance household productivity?\ A) By limiting the number of children per wife to reduce resource strain\ B) By increasing the labor force through the contributions of multiple wives\ C) By redistributing wealth across unrelated clans\ D) By centralizing agricultural work within a single household\ E) By prioritizing child-rearing over subsistence farming\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Polygyny in horticultural societies ensures a larger labor force, enhancing productivity in farming and household tasks.  How does the Tahltan use exogamy to support communal survival?\ A) By discouraging cooperation between rival clans\ B) By fostering extensive social networks through inter-clan marriages\ C) By requiring patrilocal residence for newlyweds\ D) By centralizing labor within matrilineal clans\ E) By limiting resource-sharing across clans\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Tahltan exogamy ensures mutual support and promotes resource-sharing by fostering extensive social networks through inter-clan marriages.  How does monogamy simplify inheritance laws in agricultural societies?\ A) By prioritizing communal land ownership over private property\ B) By reducing disputes over family labor rights\ C) By ensuring clear lines of descent for property transmission\ D) By encouraging polygynous unions for wealthier families\ E) By discouraging dowry practices among extended families\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: Monogamy simplifies inheritance by creating clear, linear family structures, which reduce disputes and ensure orderly transmission of property and wealth.  What is one demographic consequence of polyandry in Himalayan societies?\ A) Increased population growth due to multiple husbands\ B) Reduced birth rates and controlled population size\ C) Enhanced competition among brothers for land inheritance\ D) Greater land fragmentation among siblings\ E) Increased migration patterns among polyandrous families\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Polyandry in Himalayan societies reduces birth rates by limiting the number of children per generation, helping to maintain population sustainability in resource-scarce environments.  What does bilocal residence mean in kinship systems?\ A) Couples live alternately with both the husband's and wife's families\ B) Couples reside exclusively with the wife's family\ C) Couples establish an independent household after marriage\ D) Couples reinforce inheritance patterns through patrilocal residence\ E) Couples live with extended kin from both sides simultaneously\ **Answer**: A\ **Explanation**: Bilocal residence allows couples to alternate living with either the husband's or wife's family, offering flexibility in family arrangements.  How does the Orthodox Jewish practice of endogamy address assimilation?\ A) By mandating matrilocal residence for newly married couples\ B) By promoting interfaith marriages to expand cultural influence\ C) By restricting marriage to individuals within the same faith\ D) By centralizing inheritance rights within specific families\ E) By requiring formal exchanges of wealth between clans\ **Answer**: C\ **Explanation**: Orthodox Jewish communities practice endogamy to maintain their distinct religious identity and traditions by restricting marriage to within the faith.  How does exogamy in Australian Aboriginal societies reflect cosmological beliefs?\ A) By ensuring marriage occurs across complementary moieties\ B) By discouraging interactions between rival clans\ C) By centralizing wealth within matrilineal clans\ D) By mandating patrilocal residence for newlyweds\ E) By limiting resource redistribution to within a single moiety\ **Answer**: A\ **Explanation**: Aboriginal moiety systems enforce exogamy to maintain cosmological harmony, ensuring marriage occurs across complementary social groups.  How does Maisin society view children in the context of marriage?\ A) As contributors to dowries for their extended families\ B) As central to maintaining household and lineage survival\ C) As economic resources valued primarily for labor contributions\ D) As participants in arranged marriages to reduce external influences\ E) As competitors for land inheritance within clans\ **Answer**: B\ **Explanation**: Children are highly valued in Maisin society, ensuring household continuity and providing care for aging parents, contributing to marriage stability. **Question:** How do Tahltan women contribute to the practice of exogamy?\ A) By controlling the allocation of resources within clans\ B) By mediating external relations and maintaining lineage traditions\ C) By rejecting inter-clan marriage as a means of preserving cultural purity\ D) By prohibiting patrilineal inheritance in matrilineal systems\ E) By ensuring endogamous practices to maintain clan autonomy\ **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Tahltan women play a vital role in exogamy by mediating inter-clan relations and preserving oral traditions and ecological knowledge, thereby maintaining lineage and cultural continuity​. **Question:** Why is exogamy essential in Aboriginal moiety systems?\ A) To prevent alliances within opposing kin groups\ B) To ensure strict matrilocal residence across families\ C) To promote cosmological balance and harmony through marriage\ D) To facilitate inheritance through patrilineal descent\ E) To maintain genetic homogeneity within moieties\ **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Aboriginal moiety systems enforce exogamy to reflect cosmological beliefs, ensuring harmony through complementary relationships formed by cross-moiety marriages​. **Question:** What does the traditional Maisin practice of \"sister exchange\" reveal about their marriage systems?\ A) The importance of alliances between clans to sustain reciprocity\ B) The prioritization of individual choice in marriage over clan interests\ C) The integration of Christian values into local kinship practices\ D) The use of polygyny to consolidate clan wealth and power\ E) The rejection of bride wealth in favor of more egalitarian practices\ **Correct Answer:** A\ **Explanation:** \"Sister exchange\" in Maisin society reflects the importance of inter-clan alliances, as reciprocal exchanges of wives promote balanced and sustained relationships between groups​. **Question:** How does Maisin bride wealth contribute to the stability of marriages?\ A) By allowing women to choose their spouses independently of family influence\ B) By providing compensation for labor and children, reinforcing inter-clan respect\ C) By eliminating competition between clans for marriageable individuals\ D) By prioritizing patrilocal residence to strengthen male-dominated kinship systems\ E) By centralizing resources exclusively within the groom's clan\ **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Bride wealth, including tapa cloth and food, ensures balanced relationships between Maisin clans, providing compensation to the bride's family for her contributions and fostering mutual respect​. **Question:** How does endogamy function within Orthodox Jewish communities?\ A) By emphasizing caste hierarchies over religious purity\ B) By preserving cultural and religious identity through in-group marriage\ C) By promoting alliances with neighboring non-Jewish communities\ D) By prioritizing arranged marriages to maintain external economic ties\ E) By encouraging genetic diversity across religious groups\ **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Endogamy in Orthodox Jewish communities preserves cultural identity by limiting marriage to within the group, maintaining religious traditions and social cohesion​. **Question:** What is a key biological risk associated with repeated endogamy in European aristocracies?\ A) Increased prevalence of hereditary genetic disorders\ B) Enhanced population growth rates in elite families\ C) Reduction in wealth distribution among extended families\ D) Elimination of marriageable options for lower social classes\ E) Prioritization of polygamous unions over monogamous practices\ **Correct Answer:** A\ **Explanation:** Repeated endogamy in aristocratic families, such as the Habsburgs, led to a restricted genetic pool, increasing hereditary disorders like hemophilia​. **Question:** How does the practice of patrilocal residence influence kinship dynamics?\ A) It strengthens the maternal clan's influence in inheritance decisions.\ B) It consolidates economic resources within the husband's family.\ C) It encourages matrilineal descent in patriarchal societies.\ D) It limits alliances formed through intermarriage across clans.\ E) It reinforces the practice of serial monogamy across households.\ **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Patrilocal residence ensures that resources and labor remain concentrated within the husband's family, reflecting kinship dynamics in patrilineal systems​. **Question:** What is the function of moiety systems in enforcing marriage rules?\ A) To prevent marriages between members of the same economic class\ B) To promote alliances between unrelated clans based on resource needs\ C) To maintain societal balance through marriages across complementary halves\ D) To prioritize individual romantic preferences over traditional norms\ E) To discourage the redistribution of resources between kin groups\ **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Moiety systems divide society into two complementary groups, requiring marriage between members of opposite moieties to sustain social and cosmological balance​. **Question:** How does polygyny serve as an economic strategy in horticultural societies?\ A) By limiting the number of children per household to conserve resources\ B) By redistributing wealth between unrelated clans to ensure balance\ C) By increasing household productivity through the labor of multiple wives\ D) By promoting communal land ownership among extended families\ E) By discouraging alliances formed through arranged marriages\ **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Polygyny allows multiple wives to contribute labor to agricultural and subsistence tasks, enhancing household productivity in horticultural societies like the Yanomami​. **Question:** Why is fraternal polyandry particularly suited to Himalayan societies?\ A) To align with matrilocal residence patterns across families\ B) To prevent the division of family land among multiple siblings\ C) To facilitate alliances with neighboring patrilineal clans\ D) To promote population growth in resource-rich environments\ E) To ensure dowry exchanges benefit all brothers equally\ **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Fraternal polyandry prevents land fragmentation by consolidating family resources and labor, making it an ideal adaptation for resource-scarce Himalayan societies​.