Group 1 Presentation on Kinship PDF

Th GROUP e 1 PRESENTER Audrey SRollon Escopalao Rylie Kris Theo Sevilla sugdan tani!  INTRODUCTIO N of kinship, marriage, The lesson covers key concepts and household in society and culture, examined by anthropologists and...

Th GROUP e 1 PRESENTER Audrey SRollon Escopalao Rylie Kris Theo Sevilla sugdan tani!  INTRODUCTIO N of kinship, marriage, The lesson covers key concepts and household in society and culture, examined by anthropologists and sociologists across various cultures. It explores the nature and forms of kinship, types of family, and marriage rules. The final section addresses political dynasties and alliances in the Philippines as examples of kinship politics.  Kinship in the Philippines has deep roots in indigenous cultures, where familial ties extend beyond blood relations to include close friendships and communal bonds. Over centuries, these networks have shaped Filipino values of “bayanihan” (community cooperation) and “utang na loob” (reciprocal obligation), influencing the nation’s social and cultural landscape.  What Is Kinship?  Kinshi p Kinship is a social institution that refers to the relationships formed between members of society. It explains the different types of bonds, such as those created through blood (consanguineal), marriage (affinal), adoption, or culturally accepted rituals. Kinship defines socially accepted relationships and their significance within society.  TYPES OF KINSHIP Kinship by Blood Kinship by Marriage Kinship by Rituals Kinship by Blood  Kinship by Blood Consanguineal kinship, or kinship based on blood, is the most fundamental form of relationships, established by birth or blood affinity. It includes relations between parents and children, siblings, and nieces/nephews with aunts/uncles. Descent is a key concept, referring to the biological relationship between parents and offspring. Lineage traces this descent through either the paternal or maternal line, or both. Principles of Descent Kinship can be studied by analyzing the relationships that exist between persons. Anthropologists develop diagrams to clearly explain and illustrate the different consanguineal relationships. Below is an example of the different symbols used by anthropologists to visually explain patterns of descent and kin groups.  Descent is usually traced by most societies through a single line of ancestors from either the male and female line. This is called the unilineal descent principle. In this principle of = descent, both males and females are members of a unilineal family, but their descent lines are recognized only through the relatives of either SYMBOLS USED BY the male or female member. ANTHROPOLOGIST TO STUDY PATTERNS OF DESENTS AND KIN GROUPS = Marriage Bond decent Bond Codecent Bond TWO BASIC FORMS OF UNILINEAL Patrilineal Form Matrilineal Form Patrilineal Form both males and females belong to the kin group of their father, but they do not belong to their mother's kin group, only the males pass on to their children their family identity. A woman's children are members of her husband's PATRILINEAL FORM OF DESCENT = = = = Matrilineal Form on the unilineal descent that is focuses traced through the female line. Persons are related if they can trace their descent through females to the same woman ancestor. Both male and female offsprings are considered members of their mother's matrilineal descent group but only the daughters can pass on the family line to Matrilineal Form of Descent = = = =  BILATERAL DESCENT Some societies trace their descent through the study of both parents' ancestors. This is called the nonunilineal or cognatic descent principle. There are different forms of nonunilineal descent principles, but the most common form of nonunilineal descent is the bilateral descent. In a bilateral descent, kinship is BILATERAL FORM OF DESCENT = = = = = = = = Kinship by Marriage  Kinship by Marriage Affinal kinship refers to relationships formed through marriage. When marriage occurs, new social bonds are created between the husband and wife, their respective families, and between the families of both spouses.  What Is Marriage? a significant social institution where man and a woman commit to family life. a It involves a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime partners. According to Article 1 of the Family Code of the Philippines, this is the legal definition of marriage. MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES ENDOGAMY EXOGAMY  ENDOGAM refers to the practice of marrying within one’s own village,Y community, ethnic, social, or religious group. It is often enforced by societal rules, with penalties for those who disobey, ranging from mild sanctions to severe ones like ostracism or even death. This practice is common  EXOGAMY requires individuals to marry outside of their own group, community, or social class. This custom helps prevent incest and promotes marriages outside of one's family or clan. MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES MONOGAMY POLYGAMY  MONOGAMY came from the Greek words monos and gamos which literally mean "one union." It refers to the marriage or sexual partnering custom or practice where an individual has only one male or  POLYGAMY refers to the practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate. It can be polygyny (a man has multiple female partners or mates), or polyandry (a woman has multiple male partners and mates). Postmarital Residency Rules  Postmarital Residency Anthropologists study postmarital residency rules, Rules which examine where a couple resides after marriage. This research focuses on how couples' residence customs intersect with consanguineal (blood) and affinal (in-law) kinship relations. Traditionally, newly married couples follow social traditions, often establishing an independent household, known as neolocal residence. Variations of neolocal residence include patrilocal (living near the husband's family), matrilocal (near the wife's family),  Postmarital Residency 1. Patrilocal rule of residence occurs when Rules married couples stay in the house of the husband's relatives or near the husband's kin. 2. Matrilocal rule of residence happens when the couples live with the wife's relatives or near the wife's kin. 3. Biolocal residence happens when the newlywed couple stays with the husband's relatives and the wife's kin alternately. Referred Marriage and Arranged Marriages  Referred Marriage and Arranged In today's society,Marriages partners can be found through various methods. One method is through matchmakers, where friends or relatives help single individuals meet potential partners, known as referred marriages. In contrast, some societies practice arranged marriages, where the parents or community leaders choose a spouse based on cultural, familial, or religious considerations. Types of arranged marriages include:  Referred Marriage and Arranged 1. Child marriageMarriages – Arranged during childhood but consummated later. 2. Exchange marriage – A reciprocal spouse exchange between groups. 3. Diplomatic marriage – Unions between royal or political families for alliances. 4. Modern arranged marriage – Parents suggest potential partners, and the child chooses with parental input. Kinship by Rituals  Kinship by Rituals Compadrazgo, or "godparenthood," is a ritual form of creating co-parenthood, originating from medieval Catholic practices in Europe. It involves forging familial ties between a child's biological parents and chosen individuals who act as spiritual parents during rituals like baptism, confirmation, or marriage. These spiritual parents are called compadre (kumpare) for male godparents and kumare for female godparents in the Philippines. The godparents, referred to as ninong (godfather) or ninang (godmother), form kinship ties with the child (inaanak) and the biological parents. This Salama Thank you for listening t!