Multicultural Counseling in Malaysia PDF

BECOMING A MULTICULTURAL COUNSELOR L DR DINI FARHANA BAHARUDIN assigns ‘multicultural counselimongre roles...

BECOMING A MULTICULTURAL COUNSELOR L DR DINI FARHANA BAHARUDIN assigns ‘multicultural counselimongre roles ny counselor to ma is’nnee gds- G cud ral | Gepeonncli dent urture my own mentalhealth s that APPROPRIATE COUNSELING INTERVENTIONS WITH DIVERSE CLIENTS A multicultural counselor use culturally appropriate interventions that consider clients' communication sty I values and beliefs, and life experiences such that functional counseling relationships are formed, and appropriate goals are attained. To help clients determine where Attending Eye contact they are in the relationship to the Body language problems they are facing. ferbal tracking stioning and Reflec pen-ended questioning Paraphrasing NOTE: - Should be marked by high levels of client talk and minimal counselor interruption. + Counselor should communicate acceptance, empathy, and positive regard. + Atthe conclusion of this stage, client should feel fully supported to explore viewpoints. To help clients recognize where Interchangeable empathy Stating feelings andct they are in relationship to where Self-disclosure. they want to be with regard to Asking for concrzte and specific the problems they are facing. expressions Additive empathy Immediacy Identifying general situations Actions taken Feelin Caring confrontation NOTE: At this stage, the counselor should confront the client concerning inconsistencies in behavior and attitudes. At the conclusion of this stage, clients should have a fresh perspectiveor able to generate new viewpoints regarding their ife challenges. To help clients identify what they Decision-making Deciding need to doto get to where they Choosing want to be with regard to the Identifying consequences problems. Contracting Reaching agreements t ing deadlines Reviewing goals and actior determine outcomes NOTE: Counselor should ituation as consisting of choice to change ineffective coping behavior: or continue to allow these futile pattens to be problematic. Then, outline the thoughts and feelings that previously prevented clients from implementing change while exploring the positive values that are important to clients as a result of the decision (consequences). If client opt for no changes, counselor should revert back to previous stage skills to build a relationship. that will result in positive outcomes open to interventions that are outside the scope of conventional counseling assess all counseling interventions for strengths and ‘weaknesses with respect to clients’ diversity  ADAPTING CONVENTIONAL INTERVENTIONS INCOR ATING INDIGENOU OR FOLK METHODS ating the may be particularly usefulif clients are eply involved in their culture equest or mentionthese metho may help tand the world onflicts in belief sy therapeutic proces: ng to indigenous/folk healers Form respectful relationships with indigenous and folk healers Recognize the importance of spirituality in the lives of many diverse clients =1 Be aware of the ethical and practical challenges z Become aware of new practices that synthesize indigenous methods with traditional counseling COMMUNICATION IS VITH DIVERSE CLIEN Therapy is a pr of interpersonal interaction and social influence that relie effective communication (S verbal and nonverbal effective therapy to take place. rticular, th communication hould be both accurate and appropriate. Empowerment Skills and Interventions Empowerment is a commonly mentioned goal of counseling, particularly with diverse clients who may have experienced oppression. For empowerment to occur, counselors should use empowering interventions throughout the counseling process. To be empowering, counselors should believe in the client's ability to make positive changes. Thus, empowering interventibns should give no more help than is required. Advocacy Skills and Intervention ients or group of client cy is distinct from cou ultimately the syst oy, in form, is a e little power and may not be able themselves within th  DR. DINI FARHANA BAHARUDIN SCREENGAST (5) MATIC Internationalization of counseling Counseling and the implementation of counseling services in non-U.S. cultures differs significantly from country fo country and community to community and each model are valid and effective method of helping individuals within a given social context. Shortcomings of conventional counselling approach (ewmg a chen, 2009 [ Issues related to internationalization (Lorelle et al. 2012)  Implications Awareness & Competency nternctional | NN Knowledge Going global Collaborations Sue and Sue Chung (2005) Ng & Noonan | (2003) (2012) / SCREENCAST (+) MATIC Studies that Highlight the Need for Indigenization of Counseling in Malaysia Abdul Helin Othmen. 2007. Kaunseling unvk Kesejahleroan Insan: Saty Pengalaman di Malaysia. Ceioken ke3 Kota Kinabok:Usiers Maloysia Sabeh. Hrione Mahamod & Uiy Masnre Harun. 2006, Western-based counseling theeries: Adopl or Adapt? sl PERKAMA, 12 (), 71-84. Kaunsslor don pokacia Dl Asin Hiee i, Fatimah Zeily Abrad Rei Rusnch Seyut, Yosmarhain Yoot (g Kok Rercans - & Pecicikon Kerts S, i, 136-145. Stk Paroh Unersh Uers ol o No, KS. & Severs,2 2001. Craating carng sociey: Counsalling i Molaysia befors 2020AD. Asen Jorne of SCREENCAST (+) MATIC S cotmaiing, 8(1), 87.101. USIM Integration of Nagli and ‘Aqgli Model ;S \ ot oo ISLAMIC.2 < MODEL if ¢ (HABLUM MIN ANNAS) RELATIONSHIP WITH HUMAN,/ENVIRONMENT IMAN (HABLUM MIN ALLAH) RELATIONSHIP WITH ALLAH PROPOSED MODEL FOR INDIGENIZATION IDEAS FOR INDIGENIZATION IN MALAYSIA: UNIVERSAL Basic counseling skills Directive (Therapeutic alliance) (Inclusion of Guidance) ASIAN VALUES Relationship-focused Collaborative team (Filial) (Collectivism) 51(®)saine IDEAS FOR INDIGENIZATION IN MALAYSIA: ETHNIC SPECIFIC MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING COUNSELING IN MALAYVYSIA Dini Farhana bt Baharudin [email protected]  MULTICULTURAL MALAYSIA: ETHNICITY * Malaysia is a multicultural, multilingual and multi-religious country within the Southeast Asian region where different groups and communities live side by side while maintaining their separate identities (Zaid, 2007). 89.7% 10.3%0 Malays (63.1%) non- Iban (30.3%) \VEIEWSEY Kadazan/Dusun (24.5%) \EIEWSET Bumiputra (69.1%) Non-Bumiputra Chinese (23.0%) (30.9%) Indian (6.9%) Others (1.0%) (Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia 2018)  MULTICULTURAL MALAYSIA: RELIGION * Islam is the most widely professed religion in Malaysia. About 61.3% of the total population belong to this faith. » Significant proportions of the population are also followers of Buddhism (19.8%), Christianity (9.2%), and Hinduism (6.3%). 1.7% include folk religion and others while 0.7% no religion, dan 1.0% unknown (Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia plekilo) 3480 MULTICULTURAL MALAYSIA: LANGUAGE * Bahasa Melayu is the national - Mandarin is the medium of language and medium of instruction instruction in Chinese vernacular in national and national type schools schools although there are numerous and in tertiary institutions. Chinese dialects. - However, English is still widely used * Among the Indians, Tamil is most because of British colonial presence common but numerous other regional especially in urban areas. languages from India are also spoken. - At least 15 languages can be identified among indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia as well as linguistic diversity in East Malaysia.  MULTICULTURAL MALAYSIA Malaysian model of multiculturalism is based on integrative model which has shown that eople of different cultural and ethnic origins can The diversity in beliefs, religion, ive in peace and harmony. Differences are traditions and way of life is seen as B%Ifiragenddfggggfsiglé%%f maintaining harmony, a positive resource and not a Vi g difficulty or barrier. This is possible because Malaysians share common set of core Asian values comprising harmonious living, respect for elders;*we’ orientation (familism/ communalism), and a fecus on relationship building, and importance on education (Asma & Pedersen 2003; Che Su & Rasilah 2008; Wan Norhasniah 2012; Zuria et al. 2010). Malaysia today is as much a product of its history as well as its evolving culture. https://youtu.be/EzIFKNyzdAY HISTORY OF COUNSELING IN MALAYSIA / Guidance & Counselling conceptualised and emphasised 19605 f Teacher training and seminars increased Guidance and counselling focus on education 19705 ® Teacher training and seminars steadily increased ¢ Department of Psychology established in UM and UPM ¢ Cabinet Report - Counselling should go beyond Career Guidance and Mental Health Services N HISTORY OF COUNSELING IN MALAYSIA / Growth of Educational Courses in Guidance and Counselling courses & training Mandatory counsellor(s) in each school Growth in community programs such as drug education & prevention 19805 L Yy v HISTORY OF COUNSELING IN MALAYSIA Emphasis on mental health; Counsellor Act ¢ Counselling as a profession grew — counselling offered in schools, industry, health systems & the public e Extensive training modules — training of hospital and health staff in basic counselling skills ® Mental Health Life Skills Training Programs implemented e Total of 129 Mental Health Counseling Centers nationwide offer a range of services — psychosocial rehabilitation, vocational training, mental health and life skills training ® Mental health education materials was produced and distributed nation wide ¢ L embaga Kaunselor Malaysia was established e Counsellor Act - written legislation to regulate the counseling profession HISTORY OF COUNSELING IN MALAYSIA = Planning and promotion of Mental Health nation wide 2000 - e Comprehensive promotion of Mental Health themed “Healthy Lifestyle” ¢ Forums to facilitate establishment and coordination of present committees for mental health ¢ National Plan of Action for the implementation of the Mental Health Program \_  2 oa witse CHALLENGES INTHE 21°T CENTURY i Environmental Changes Crisis demography  MODEL HALA TUJU MISI NASIONAL, GTP, RMK-11, DASAR PENDIDIKAN NEGARA - ILMU ISLAM MODAL INSAN BERINTEGRITI e— DAN BERPRESTASI TINGG RAKYAT Perkhidmatan kaunseling NILAI, ETIKA DAN INTEGRI KESEJAHTERAAN Modal Insan yang JARINGAN KERJASAMA & KOLABORASI STRATEGIK BN AL AN - sejahtera dan RAKYAT seimbang dalam """"" aspek kognitif, sosial, spiritual psikologikal, keluarga, dan berkerjaya  BITRANSFORMATIONS Comprehensive approach Expansion of techniques (including e-counseling) Developmental/ Peer counseling Wellness Integration of Islam (Quran & Sunnah) Team networking Prevention  CULTURAL CULTURAL UNIVERSALITY RELATIVISM ) * Bric perspective. * Emic perspective l o Coumabon WHIEE TS * Counselors who function clients from efic. CULTURAL from this perspective are 5 perspactive use their own VIEWPOINTS both receptive to and 0 cultral standards s the respectful of various /o basis for interpretation. cultures’ meanings and evaluations of experiences. l\, e MULTICULTURALISM AS THE FOURTH FORCE (PEDERSEN 1990, 1991) Name of theory Key theorists First Psychoanalysis Freud Second Behaviorism Pavloy, Skinner, Ellis 1 Third Humanism Rogers Fourth Mulficulturalism Sue, Ivey, Pedersen + *Force’ is used fo describe a theory that has a huge influence /o on the field and precipitates a paradigm shift, or major change, in the way people think about human behavior. Multiculturalism as adding a fourth dimension to supplement I and, ideally, o strengthen the other three. l\, MAJOR IMPLICATION: HOW SUITABLE IS THE CONVENTIONAL THEORIES TO BE USED IN MC CONTEXTS?2 PROPONENTS OPPONENTS Existing models Existing models not l are sufficient suitable because o because of underlying N. presumed assumptions, ) y universality. philosophies, and methodologies are inadequate. © % ATTEMPTS TO INCORPORATE MULTICULTURAL CONCEPTS IN COUNSELING THEORIES STRATEGIES EXPLANATION Revising established theories Some traditional /conventional theories have room for refinement to suit need of MC clients I Integrating estal Theories are infegrated with MC principles via altural adaptation/accommodation. 1. Integrating several theories of cou 2. Integrating indigenous methods of healing in counseling Introducing a brand new Grounded theory i.e. by deconstructing theory counseling in a cultural context  MCT Propositions (Sue, ey & Pedersen 1996) Proposition 6 v o nL Itis@