CM 550 Miterm Preparation PDF

CM 550 Miterm preparation 1. **What is the primary goal of multicultural counseling?** 2. **Which of the following is NOT an obstacle to developing cultural competence?** 3. **Cultural competence in counseling is best described as:** 4. What is the difference between the etic and emic ap...

CM 550 Miterm preparation 1. **What is the primary goal of multicultural counseling?** 2. **Which of the following is NOT an obstacle to developing cultural competence?** 3. **Cultural competence in counseling is best described as:** 4. What is the difference between the etic and emic approaches in multicultural counseling? 5. What is \"cultural humility\"? 6. Gabriella's panic attack could be better understood as an example of: 7. **Which factor most influences conventional counseling theories?** - A\) Non-Western cultural perspectives - B\) Middle-class Western European values - C\) Indigenous beliefs - D\) Global cultural traditions 8. **Why do therapists sometimes fail to connect with culturally diverse clients?** - A\) Therapists often share the same cultural values - B\) Western therapy practices assume individualism and independence - C\) They use techniques from diverse backgrounds - D\) Cultural diversity is never discussed in therapy 9. **Which type of cultural perspective often clashes with traditional Western counseling methods?** - A\) Western European - B\) Individualistic - C\) Collectivist - D\) Post-modern 10. **What are microaggressions?** - A\) Subtle, often unintentional, insults or slights toward marginalized groups - B\) Major acts of discrimination - C\) Direct, intentional discrimination - D\) Forms of physical aggression 11. **Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of microaggressions?** - A\) They are intentional - B\) They have a harmful psychological impact - C\) They can be verbal or non-verbal - D\) They often reflect unconscious bias 12. **Which psychological dynamic is often involved in microaggressions?** - A\) Paranoia - B\) Denial - C\) Hyper-awareness - D\) Over-identification 13. **What is ethnocentric monoculturalism?** - A\) A focus on non-Western cultural practices - B\) The dominance of one cultural worldview over others in counseling - C\) The appreciation of multiple cultures - D\) The rejection of all cultural influences 14. **How do ethnocentric worldviews influence counseling practices?** - A\) They ensure equal treatment for all clients - B\) They prioritize individual over group identities - C\) They promote cultural diversity in counseling - D\) They reduce bias in treatment 15. **Which aspect of mental health does ethnocentric monoculturalism primarily affect?** - A\) Symptom formation - B\) Diagnosis and treatment - C\) Patient satisfaction - D\) Medical training 16. **What is the \"Integrative Awareness Status\"?** 17. **Clients in integrative awareness are likely to prefer therapists based on:** 18. **Which of the following is emphasized in integrative awareness?** 19. **What is one of the primary goals for White racial identity development?** 20. **How does Whiteness often influence counseling processes?** 21. **Which stage of White racial identity development is associated with increased multicultural competence?** 22. **What are some challenges counselors of color face when working with White clients?** 23. **Overidentification with clients of the same race can lead to:** 24. **Counselors of color working with clients of color need to be aware of:** 25. **What is one major influence on ethnic identity development?** 26. **How can assimilation affect racial identity?** 27. **What professional organization focuses on building empathy and understanding among People of Color?** 28. **In which stage of Helm\'s model of White Racial Identity development is a person likely to feel guilt or anxiety about racial issues?** A\) Autonomy B\) Disintegration C\) Immersion D\) Pseudo-independence 29. **The \"Immersion/Emersion\" stage in racial identity development focuses on:** A\) Rejecting one's ethnic identity B\) Searching for a deeper understanding of one\'s racial group C\) Denial of systemic racism D\) Isolation from one's racial group 30. **What does the \"Autonomy\" phase in White Racial Identity Development emphasize?** A\) A rejection of all other cultures B\) Integration of a nonracist identity C\) Fear of other racial groups D\) Aggression toward other ethnicities 31. **Immigrants typically face which major challenge when integrating into U.S. society?** A\) Immediate acceptance into all communities B\) Language barriers and cultural differences C\) Complete economic independence upon arrival D\) A seamless transition into American norms 32. **What is the definition of acculturation stress?** A\) The stress of losing one's cultural identity entirely B\) The process of adjusting to a new culture while maintaining some aspects of the original culture C\) The experience of migrating without facing challenges D\) Avoiding integration into a new culture 33. **Which of the following is a common strength seen in many immigrant families?** A\) Complete dependence on government support B\) A strong sense of family and community support C\) Disconnection from extended family D\) Isolation from religious or spiritual practices 34. **How does intergenerational conflict often manifest in immigrant families?** A\) Parents are always supportive of their children's cultural integration B\) Children quickly acculturate while parents hold onto traditional values C\) Parents completely reject their cultural heritage D\) Children refuse to integrate into the new culture 35. **What is the emic approach in multicultural counseling?** A\) Viewing human behavior as universally applicable B\) Understanding behavior from within the cultural context of the individual C\) Applying one's own cultural values to all clients D\) Ignoring cultural backgrounds 36. **Cultural competence involves all of the following EXCEPT:** A\) Cultural awareness B\) Cultural knowledge C\) Cultural empathy D\) Cultural superiority 37. **What is a key criticism of traditional Western counseling theories?** A\) They are too focused on multicultural issues B\) They often ignore the cultural context of minority clients C\) They lack a scientific basis D\) They are universally applicable to all clients 38. **Which of the following best describes cultural encapsulation?** A\) Being culturally sensitive in all interactions B\) Imposing one's own cultural worldview on others C\) Adapting counseling techniques to different cultures D\) Encouraging diverse perspectives in therapy 39. **Which counseling approach emphasizes understanding a client\'s individual cultural identity?** A\) Traditional psychoanalysis B\) Emic counseling C\) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) D\) Humanistic therapy 40. **What is the key difference between cultural competence and cultural humility?** A\) Cultural competence requires humility B\) Cultural humility is an ongoing process, while cultural competence is a set of skills C\) Cultural humility involves only superficial awareness D\) Cultural competence is unnecessary if humility is present 41. **Which of the following defines racial microaggressions?** A\) Overt acts of racism B\) Intentional acts of aggression based on race C\) Brief, common daily verbal or behavioral indignities that communicate hostility or insult D\) Direct confrontations about racial issues 42. **Which stage in racial identity models often leads to a crisis in which individuals become hyper-aware of their racial status?** A\) Immersion B\) Contact C\) Disintegration D\) Autonomy 43. **Ethnocentric monoculturalism often leads to:** A\) Increased understanding between diverse groups B\) Cultural oppression and marginalization C\) The promotion of racial diversity D\) Acceptance of all cultural backgrounds 44. **In Cross's model of Black racial identity, which stage involves a rejection of White societal norms and a deepened appreciation for African American culture?** A\) Immersion-Emersion B\) Internalization C\) Pre-Encounter D\) Encounter 45. **How can counselors support clients in the Integrative Awareness Stage?** A\) By encouraging them to adopt mainstream cultural norms B\) By helping them embrace both their cultural background and the values of other cultures C\) By challenging their ethnic identity D\) By promoting isolation from all other cultures 46. **Which theory focuses on how individuals construct meaning about their racial and ethnic identity?** A\) Erikson\'s psychosocial theory B\) Social identity theory C\) Cognitive dissonance theory D\) Behavioral learning theory 47. **White racial identity development often involves moving through stages of:** A\) Avoidance, anger, acceptance B\) Denial, awareness, integration C\) Acceptance, rejection, color-blindness D\) Disintegration, reintegration, autonomy 48. **The first stage of White racial identity development is:** A\) Autonomy B\) Reintegration C\) Contact D\) Immersion 49. **Counselors of color often face which unique challenge when working with White clients?** A\) The expectation of cultural invisibility B\) Over-identification with the client's culture C\) Automatic mutual understanding D\) Excessive deference from the client 50. **Multicultural counseling competence requires counselors to:** A\) Focus only on similarities across cultures B\) Continuously develop their awareness, knowledge, and skills related to cultural diversity C\) Use a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy D\) Avoid discussing racial or cultural issues in therapy Answers **Chapter 1:** 1. **B) To acknowledge and respect cultural differences in counseling**\ *Explanation:* Multicultural counseling emphasizes understanding and respecting clients\' cultural backgrounds. 2. **C) Embracing cultural humility**\ *Explanation:* Cultural humility is necessary to recognize one\'s limitations and continuously learn about others' cultures. 3. **B) The ability to work effectively with clients from different cultures**\ *Explanation:* Cultural competence involves understanding and working within a client's cultural context. **Chapter 2:** 4. **C) Etic is culturally universal, while emic is culturally specific**\ *Explanation:* Etic views focus on universal principles across cultures, while emic focuses on culture-specific factors. 5. **C) Engaging in continuous self-reflection and learning about others\' cultures**\ *Explanation:* Cultural humility involves the ongoing process of learning and self-reflection about one's biases and others\' cultures. 6. **B) Ataques de nervios, a cultural syndrome**\ *Explanation:* Ataques de nervios is a culture-specific syndrome common in Latin American communities, different from Western panic attacks. **Chapter 3:** 7. **B) Middle-class Western European values**\ *Explanation:* Traditional counseling theories are largely based on Western, middle-class values that may not apply universally. 8. **B) Western therapy practices assume individualism and independence**\ *Explanation:* Western counseling often emphasizes individualism, which may not align with the values of collectivist cultures. 9. **C) Collectivist**\ *Explanation:* Collectivist cultures prioritize the group or family over the individual, which contrasts with the individualism of Western methods. **Chapter 4:** 10. **A) Subtle, often unintentional, insults or slights toward marginalized groups**\ *Explanation:* Microaggressions are often unintended but harmful behaviors or statements directed at marginalized groups. 11. **A) They are intentional**\ *Explanation:* Microaggressions are typically unintentional but still harmful. 12. **B) Denial**\ *Explanation:* Microaggressions often involve denial of the biases or prejudices underlying them. **Chapter 5:** 13. **B) The dominance of one cultural worldview over others in counseling**\ *Explanation:* Ethnocentric monoculturalism refers to imposing one dominant cultural perspective in counseling. 14. **B) They prioritize individual over group identities**\ *Explanation:* Ethnocentric worldviews tend to emphasize individualism, which may not align with clients from collectivist cultures. 15. **B) Diagnosis and treatment**\ *Explanation:* Ethnocentric biases affect how disorders are diagnosed and treated in clients from different cultural backgrounds. **Chapter 6:** 16. **B) A level of awareness that combines pride in one's heritage with an appreciation of other cultures**\ *Explanation:* Integrative awareness refers to embracing one's cultural identity while respecting others' cultures. 17. **C) Shared worldview and understanding**\ *Explanation:* Clients in this stage value therapists who understand and respect their cultural worldview. 18. **C) Valuing both personal freedom and cultural pride**\ *Explanation:* Integrative awareness balances self-identity with respect for cultural differences. **Chapter 7:** 19. **C) To develop a nonracist and antiracist identity**\ *Explanation:* A major goal of White racial identity development is becoming nonracist and actively challenging racism. 20. **B) It can introduce unconscious bias into therapeutic relationships**\ *Explanation:* Whiteness can bring unconscious biases into counseling, affecting how therapists interact with clients. 21. **B) Autonomy**\ *Explanation:* The autonomy stage reflects a deep understanding and acceptance of one's racial identity while valuing multicultural perspectives. **Chapter 8:** 22. **B) Proving their competence**\ *Explanation:* Counselors of color may feel the need to prove their competence when working with White clients due to societal biases. 23. **B) Reduced therapeutic effectiveness**\ *Explanation:* Overidentification with clients of the same race can hinder objectivity and reduce counseling effectiveness. 24. **A) The client's racial and ethnic identity status**\ *Explanation:* Understanding where clients are in their racial identity development is critical for effective counseling. **Chapter 9:** 25. **B) Acculturation and assimilation processes**\ *Explanation:* Ethnic identity development is influenced by how individuals navigate acculturation and assimilation. 26. **B) It often results in the formation of a new, integrated identity**\ *Explanation:* Assimilation can lead to the development of an integrated identity that blends aspects of both cultures. 27. **B) Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development**\ *Explanation:* This professional organization focuses on supporting multicultural counseling practices. **Chapter 19:** 28. **B) Disintegration**\ *Explanation:* The disintegration stage is characterized by awareness of racial issues, often accompanied by guilt or anxiety. 29. **B) Searching for a deeper understanding of one\'s racial group**\ *Explanation:* The immersion/emersion stage involves exploring and deepening understanding of one's racial identity. 30. **B) Integration of a nonracist identity**\ *Explanation:* The autonomy phase emphasizes a commitment to nonracist attitudes and multicultural competence. 31. **B) Language barriers and cultural differences**\ *Explanation:* Immigrants face challenges such as language barriers and cultural differences when integrating into a new society. 32. **B) The process of adjusting to a new culture while maintaining some aspects of the original culture**\ *Explanation:* Acculturation stress arises from the challenges of adapting to a new culture while retaining one's original identity. 33. **B) A strong sense of family and community support**\ *Explanation:* Many immigrant families draw strength from tight-knit family and community networks. 34. **B) Children quickly acculturate while parents hold onto traditional values**\ *Explanation:* This intergenerational conflict occurs when children adapt to the new culture more quickly than their parents. **Chapter 2 (continued):** 35. **B) Understanding behavior from within the cultural context of the individual**\ *Explanation:* The emic approach focuses on understanding behaviors specific to the individual's cultural context. 36. **D) Cultural superiority**\ *Explanation:* Cultural competence involves awareness, knowledge, and empathy, not superiority. 37. **B) They often ignore the cultural context of minority clients**\ *Explanation:* Traditional counseling theories are criticized for overlooking the cultural contexts of minority clients. **Chapter 3 (continued):** 38. **B) Imposing one's own cultural worldview on others**\ *Explanation:* Cultural encapsulation refers to imposing one's own worldview without regard for the client's culture. 39. **B) Emic counseling**\ *Explanation:* Emic counseling emphasizes understanding and respecting the client's cultural identity. 40. **B) Cultural humility is an ongoing process, while cultural competence is a set of skills**\ *Explanation:* Cultural humility involves continuous learning, while cultural competence refers to acquiring specific skills. **Chapter 5 (continued):** 41. **C) Brief, common daily verbal or behavioral indignities that communicate hostility or insult**\ *Explanation:* Microaggressions are subtle, often unintentional actions or comments that convey disrespect. 42. **C) Disintegration**\ *Explanation:* The disintegration stage involves a crisis of awareness about racial inequality and injustice. 43. **B) Cultural oppression and marginalization**\ *Explanation:* Ethnocentric monoculturalism leads to the marginalization of other cultural perspectives. **Chapter 6 (continued):** 44. **A) Immersion-Emersion**\ *Explanation:* This stage involves rejecting White norms and seeking a stronger connection to African American culture. 45. **B) By helping them embrace both their cultural background and the values of other cultures**\ *Explanation:* In this stage, clients integrate their identity while respecting other cultures. **Chapter 7 (continued):** 46. **B) Social identity theory**\ *Explanation:* Social identity theory explains how individuals construct meaning around their racial and ethnic identity. 47. **D) Disintegration, reintegration, autonomy**\ *Explanation:* These stages reflect the process of developing awareness and acceptance of racial identity. 48. **C) Contact**\ *Explanation:* The contact stage is where individuals are unaware of racial differences and their implications. **Chapter 8 (continued):** 49. **A) The expectation of cultural invisibility**\ *Explanation:* Counselors of color may face pressure to downplay their cultural identity when working with White clients. 50. **B) Continuously develop their awareness, knowledge, and skills related to cultural diversity**\ *Explanation:* Multicultural competence is an ongoing process of development in awareness, knowledge, and skills.