Questions and Answers
What is a key principle of empowering interventions in counseling?
What is a primary goal of counseling, particularly with diverse clients?
What is a critical aspect of effective communication in counseling?
What is the primary difference between advocacy and counseling?
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What is a key consideration in implementing counseling services in non-U.S. cultures?
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What is a critical attitude for counselors to have when working with clients?
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What is the basis of the Malaysian model of multiculturalism?
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What is seen as a positive resource in the Malaysian multicultural society?
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What is a key aspect of the common set of core Asian values shared by Malaysians?
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What is the outcome of the Malaysian model of multiculturalism?
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What is an important aspect of relationship building in Malaysian culture?
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What is a significant influence on the Malaysian society today?
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Who emphasized the importance of indigenization of counseling in Malaysia?
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What is the initial step in contracting with clients?
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What is the main concern of internationalization in counseling?
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What should the counselor do if the client opts for no changes?
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Who discussed the limitations of Western-based counseling theories in Malaysia?
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Who highlighted the shortcomings of conventional counseling approaches?
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What is the title of the study by No, KS, and Severs in 2001?
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Why is it essential to assess counseling interventions?
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What is the significance of incorporating indigenous or folk methods in counseling?
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What is the main focus of the study by Kaunsslor don pokacia?
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What is a key aspect of forming respectful relationships with indigenous and folk healers?
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Why is effective communication crucial in therapy?
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What is the primary focus of counselors who function from an emic perspective?
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Who is credited with the concept of Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force?
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What is a benefit of being aware of new practices that synthesize indigenous methods with traditional counseling?
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What is a potential challenge in incorporating indigenous or folk methods in counseling?
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Why is it important for counselors to recognize the importance of spirituality in the lives of many diverse clients?
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What is the primary goal of adapting conventional interventions?
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What is Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force in counseling?
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What is the main concern of Chung's study in 2005?
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What is the title of the book by Abdul Helin Othmen in 2007?
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What is the significance of the term 'force' in the context of counseling theories?
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What is the primary goal of incorporating Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force in counseling?
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What is the primary difference between counselors who function from an emic perspective and those who function from an etic perspective?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of counselors who function from an etic perspective?
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What is the relationship between the four forces of counseling?
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Study Notes
Contracting and Reaching Agreements
- Counselors should outline the client's situation as a choice to change ineffective coping behavior or continue to allow patterns to be problematic.
- The counselor should explore the thoughts and feelings that previously prevented clients from implementing change while examining the positive values that are important to clients as a result of the decision (consequences).
Adapting Conventional Interventions
- Incorporating indigenous or folk methods may be particularly useful if clients are heavily involved in their culture or request these methods.
- Form respectful relationships with indigenous and folk healers.
- Recognize the importance of spirituality in the lives of many diverse clients.
- Be aware of the ethical and practical challenges.
- Become aware of new practices that synthesize indigenous methods with traditional counseling.
Communication with Diverse Clients
- Therapy is a process of interpersonal interaction and social influence that relies on effective communication (verbal and nonverbal).
- Effective therapy requires accurate and appropriate communication.
Empowerment Skills and Interventions
- Empowerment is a commonly mentioned goal of counseling, particularly with diverse clients who may have experienced oppression.
- Counselors should use empowering interventions throughout the counseling process.
- Empowering interventions should give no more help than is required.
Advocacy Skills and Interventions
- Advocacy is distinct from counseling and involves working with systems to effect change.
- Advocacy ultimately gives clients more power and may not be able to be done by clients themselves within the system.
Internationalization of Counseling
- Counseling and the implementation of counseling services in non-U.S. cultures differ significantly from country to country and community to community.
- Each model is valid and effective in helping individuals within a given social context.
- Shortcomings of conventional counseling approaches exist.
Implications
- Awareness and competency in international counseling are essential.
- Collaborations and knowledge of international counseling are necessary for effective practice.
Indigenization of Counseling in Malaysia
- Studies highlight the need for indigenization of counseling in Malaysia.
- Western-based counseling theories may not be applicable in the Malaysian context.
- The Malaysian model of multiculturalism is based on an integrative model that promotes harmony and respect among different cultural and ethnic origins.
Multicultural Malaysia
- The diversity in beliefs, religion, traditions, and way of life is seen as a positive resource and not a difficulty or barrier.
- Common set of core Asian values comprise harmonious living, respect for elders, familial/communal orientation, relationship building, and importance on education.
Emic Perspective
- Counselors who function from this perspective are receptive to and respectful of various cultures' meanings and evaluations of experiences.
Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force
- Multiculturalism is considered the fourth force in counseling, adding a new dimension to supplement and strengthen the other three forces: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism.
- The fourth force has a huge influence on the field and precipitates a paradigm shift or major change in the way people think about human behavior.
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Description
This quiz covers the contracting process in counseling, including reaching agreements, reviewing goals, and determining outcomes.