Week 4 - HCI Concepts II.pdf

Chp 2-4: HCI Concepts: Human, Computer, Interaction SE234: Human Computer Interaction Priscilla olawale Spring 2023  Memory There are three types of memory function: Sensory memories Short-term memory or working memory Long-ter...

Chp 2-4: HCI Concepts: Human, Computer, Interaction SE234: Human Computer Interaction Priscilla olawale Spring 2023  Memory There are three types of memory function: Sensory memories Short-term memory or working memory Long-term memory Selection of stimuli governed by level of arousal. ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 2 sensory memory Buffers for stimuli received through senses ◦ iconic memory: visual stimuli ◦ echoic memory: aural stimuli ◦ haptic memory: tactile stimuli Examples ◦ “sparkler” trail, move finger in front of the eye ◦ stereo sound, because we tend to playback sound Continuously overwritten ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 3 Short-term memory (STM) Scratch-pad for temporary recall ◦ rapid access ~ 70ms ◦ rapid decay ~ 200ms ◦ limited capacity - 7± 2 chunks ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 4 Examples 212348278493202 0121 414 2626 HEC ATR ANU PTH ETR EET ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 5 Long-term memory (LTM) Repository for all our knowledge ◦ slow access ~ 1/10 second ◦ slow decay, if any ◦ huge or unlimited capacity Two types ◦ episodic – serial memory of events ◦ semantic – structured memory of facts, concepts, skills semantic LTM derived from episodic LTM ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 6  Long-term memory (cont.) Semantic memory structure ◦ provides access to information ◦ represents relationships between bits of information ◦ supports inference Model: semantic network ◦ inheritance – child nodes inherit properties of parent nodes ◦ relationships between bits of information explicit ◦ supports inference through inheritance ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 7 LTM - semantic network 8 ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC)  Models of LTM - Frames Information organized in data structures Slots in structure instantiated with values for instance of data Type–subtype relationships DOG COLLIE Fixed Fixed legs: 4 breed of: DOG type: sheepdog Default diet: carniverous Default sound: bark size: 65 cm Variable Variable size: colour colour ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 9  Models of LTM - Scripts Model of stereotypical information required to interpret situation Script has elements that can be instantiated with values for context Script for a visit to the vet Entry conditions: dog ill Roles: vet examines vet open diagnoses owner has money treats owner brings dog in Result: dog better pays owner poorer takes dog out vet richer Scenes: arriving at reception Props: examination table waiting in room medicine examination instruments paying Tracks: dog needs medicine dog needs operation ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 10 Class Activity Consider any domain. Try to analyze it using the semantic network model. How will you use frames and scripts to analyze the same domain? ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 11 Models of LTM - Production rules Representation of procedural knowledge. Condition/action rules if condition is matched then use rule to determine action. IF dog is wagging tail THEN pat dog IF dog is growling THEN run away ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 12 LTM - Storage of information rehearsal ◦ information moves from STM to LTM total time hypothesis ◦ amount retained proportional to rehearsal time distribution of practice effect ◦ optimized by spreading learning over time structure, meaning and familiarity ◦ information easier to remember ©PRISCILLA OLAWALE (MSC) 13