Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between 'DOG' and 'COLLIE' in the data structure?
COLLIE is a subtype of DOG
What is the default diet of a DOG in the data structure?
Carnivorous
What is the purpose of a script model in Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
To interpret situations
What is an entry condition for the script 'A visit to the vet'?
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What is a result of the script 'A visit to the vet'?
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What is a prop in the script 'A visit to the vet'?
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What is the role of the 'owner' in the script 'A visit to the vet'?
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What is a scene in the script 'A visit to the vet'?
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What is the primary function of sensory memory?
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What is the capacity of short-term memory?
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What is the primary function of short-term memory?
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What is the approximate time for rapid access in short-term memory?
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What is the primary function of long-term memory?
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What is the approximate time for slow access in long-term memory?
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What is the type of long-term memory that represents structured memory of facts, concepts, and skills?
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What is the model that represents relationships between bits of information in semantic memory?
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Study Notes
Memory
- Three types of memory functions: sensory memories, short-term memory or working memory, and long-term memory.
- Selection of stimuli governed by level of arousal.
Sensory Memory
- Buffers for stimuli received through senses.
- Three types: iconic memory (visual stimuli), echoic memory (aural stimuli), and haptic memory (tactile stimuli).
- Examples: sparkler trail, stereo sound.
- Continuously overwritten.
Short-term Memory (STM)
- Scratch-pad for temporary recall.
- Characteristics:
- Rapid access (~70ms).
- Rapid decay (~200ms).
- Limited capacity (7±2 chunks).
- Examples: phone numbers, random sequences.
Long-term Memory (LTM)
- Repository for all our knowledge.
- Characteristics:
- Slow access (~1/10 second).
- Slow decay, if any.
- Huge or unlimited capacity.
- Two types:
- Episodic memory: serial memory of events.
- Semantic memory: structured memory of facts, concepts, skills.
- Semantic LTM derived from episodic LTM.
Semantic Memory Structure
- Provides access to information.
- Represents relationships between bits of information.
- Supports inference through inheritance.
- Model: semantic network.
Models of LTM
- Semantic Network:
- Inheritance: child nodes inherit properties of parent nodes.
- Relationships between bits of information explicit.
- Supports inference through inheritance.
- Frames:
- Information organized in data structures.
- Slots in structure instantiated with values for instance of data.
- Type–subtype relationships (e.g., DOG-COLLIE).
- Scripts:
- Model of stereotypical information required to interpret situation.
- Script has elements that can be instantiated with values for context (e.g., script for a visit to the vet).
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